{"id":76189,"date":"2025-12-09T10:36:10","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T08:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/?p=76189"},"modified":"2025-12-18T10:10:23","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T08:10:23","slug":"water-welding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/newsletter\/water-welding.html","title":{"rendered":"Water welding"},"content":{"rendered":"<section  class='av_textblock_section av-miyb0oxv-427220e30111d8fef47e8392b1491c74'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #798fc9;\">Welding with water<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-miyb1s0u-30b79c6165b20f3f88a1927ee5044017\">\n#top .hr.av-miyb1s0u-30b79c6165b20f3f88a1927ee5044017{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-miyb1s0u-30b79c6165b20f3f88a1927ee5044017 .hr-inner{\nwidth:500px;\nborder-color:#798fc9;\nmax-width:45%;\n}\n.hr.av-miyb1s0u-30b79c6165b20f3f88a1927ee5044017 .av-seperator-icon{\ncolor:#798fc9;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-miyb1s0u-30b79c6165b20f3f88a1927ee5044017 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  hr-center hr-icon-yes'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><span class='av-seperator-icon' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue808' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-miy9ydyr-fdcd5db5808ef54022db4829eaba8c17'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5 style=\"line-height: 20pt; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #798fc9;\">Welding with water, impossible?<br \/>\nYes, but what happens at the nanoscale?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 20pt;\"><span style=\"color: #798fc9;\"><br \/>\nCapillary cold welding is a process proposed to optimize the electrical conductivity of transparent electrodes based on nanowires. Using an advanced multi-probe microscopy device, the electrical resistance of a single junction between two nanowires was studied. The results establish capillary cold welding as an effective process for creating the flexible, transparent electrodes needed for future (opto)electronic systems.<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-rttl8m-af6bd69a7defbf4571a4f7b69e7676f4\">\n#top .flex_column.av-rttl8m-af6bd69a7defbf4571a4f7b69e7676f4{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-rttl8m-af6bd69a7defbf4571a4f7b69e7676f4{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-rttl8m-af6bd69a7defbf4571a4f7b69e7676f4 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-miy9zxps-6709e6766c71b5140b17ac573cbcac58\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-miy9zxps-6709e6766c71b5140b17ac573cbcac58 .avia_textblock{\ntext-align:justify;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-miy9zxps-6709e6766c71b5140b17ac573cbcac58'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong><span style=\"color: #1d0052;\">Whether for photovoltaics, flexible electronics, or medical applications, it is necessary to develop electrodes that are both transparent and conductive. The most conductive materials, metals, are not transparent when they are solid, but become so when formed into a network based on nanowires.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Silver nanowire networks have particularly attractive properties in terms of transparency, conductivity, and biocompatibility. However, there is still significant residual electrical resistance due to the interconnections between the nanowires. To achieve better conductivity, the industry uses post-treatment processes for the electrodes, such as high-temperature annealing to weld the nanowires together. But this post-treatment is incompatible with the fragile materials used in flexible electronics: organic substrates deteriorate at high temperatures.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #1d0052;\">In this context, a process is proposed, namely capillary-induced cold welding, which consists of spraying water onto the nanowire networks. <\/span><\/strong>Improved conductivity is observed during evaporation. This effect has been attributed to a local pressure effect that fuses the nanowires at the junctions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-zlvw7a-02466ef9c8d35d3346caf028568c18e9\">\n#top .flex_column.av-zlvw7a-02466ef9c8d35d3346caf028568c18e9{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-zlvw7a-02466ef9c8d35d3346caf028568c18e9{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-zlvw7a-02466ef9c8d35d3346caf028568c18e9 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-miya28w6-d355bc8facda3d4accfe043f70a515ce\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-miya28w6-d355bc8facda3d4accfe043f70a515ce .avia_textblock{\ntext-align:justify;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-miya28w6-d355bc8facda3d4accfe043f70a515ce'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-76170 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/visuel_eau_soudure2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/visuel_eau_soudure2.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/visuel_eau_soudure2-170x300.jpg 170w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/visuel_eau_soudure2-7x12.jpg 7w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-sywhza-5892411ee53c7025cdfc5aa40086df28\">\n#top .flex_column.av-sywhza-5892411ee53c7025cdfc5aa40086df28{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-sywhza-5892411ee53c7025cdfc5aa40086df28{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-sywhza-5892411ee53c7025cdfc5aa40086df28 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-miya2f0u-f7e7fa1f32852d3483b323dba35087a3\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-miya2f0u-f7e7fa1f32852d3483b323dba35087a3 .avia_textblock{\ntext-align:justify;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-miya2f0u-f7e7fa1f32852d3483b323dba35087a3'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>This work is the result of a collaboration between the LMGP Laboratory of Materials and Physical Engineering, an expert in conductive nanowire networks, TRT-Thal\u00e8s, an expert in components, and the IEMN, an expert in nanocaracterization, as part of the ANR PANASSE project. We conducted a study of interconnection resistances at the single junction scale using a unique equipment available at the IEMN. This device allows four tips to be positioned on a sample with nanometric precision, under the supervision of a scanning electron microscope.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #1d0052;\">Our study established that the capillary-induced cold welding process produces a junction resistance distribution that is as effective as that obtained after heat treatment.<\/span><\/strong> The fusion of nanowires is induced by the capillary forces exerted by evaporating water droplets.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #1d0052;\">This result demonstrates the strong potential of the cold post-treatment process and illustrates the power of advanced characterization techniques for nanoscale materials engineering.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-miyatqbt-925adb22e3c40fa705fb435e2ef4b367\">\n#top .flex_column.av-miyatqbt-925adb22e3c40fa705fb435e2ef4b367{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-miyatqbt-925adb22e3c40fa705fb435e2ef4b367{\nborder-width:20px;\nborder-color:#e5ebff;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;\nbackground-color:#e5ebff;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-miyatqbt-925adb22e3c40fa705fb435e2ef4b367{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-miyatqbt-925adb22e3c40fa705fb435e2ef4b367 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-miyaslro-343c22e7066efc16235e21a03da1592a'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1-5-5e4ada67b1455cc0ba4ff4bdd0b01652\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-5-5e4ada67b1455cc0ba4ff4bdd0b01652{\ncolor:#798fc9;\nborder-color:#798fc9;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-5-5e4ada67b1455cc0ba4ff4bdd0b01652 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:25px;\nline-height:25px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1-5-5e4ada67b1455cc0ba4ff4bdd0b01652 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue84e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span> <strong><span style=\"color: #798fc9;\">References<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chernukha, Y.; Bardet, L.; Berthe, M.; Lerond, T.; Mazellier, J.-P.; Gangloff, L.; Denneulin, A.; Diener, P.; Bellet, D. In Situ Multiscale Investigation of Capillary-Force-Induced Cold-Welding of Silver Nanowire Networks. ACS Omega 2025, 10 (46), 55716\u201355724. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c07063\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c07063<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #798fc9;\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-501c8bddd4eefa9e9002fd7633e339a3\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-501c8bddd4eefa9e9002fd7633e339a3{\ncolor:#798fc9;\nborder-color:#798fc9;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-501c8bddd4eefa9e9002fd7633e339a3 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:25px;\nline-height:25px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-501c8bddd4eefa9e9002fd7633e339a3 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue805' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span> Contact us: <a href=\"mailto:maxime.berthe@iemn.fr\">maxime.berthe@iemn.fr<\/a> \u00a0\/ \u00a0<a href=\"mailto:pascale.diener@iemn.fr\">pascale.diener@iemn.fr<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[297],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-newsletter"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76189","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76189"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76189\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":76630,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76189\/revisions\/76630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76189"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76189"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}