{"id":73867,"date":"2025-06-05T08:31:35","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T06:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/?p=73867"},"modified":"2025-06-05T09:44:46","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T07:44:46","slug":"quand-les-materiaux-cedent-comment-la-chaleur-et-le-hasard-influencent-fissures-et-adhesion-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/newsletter\/quand-les-materiaux-cedent-comment-la-chaleur-et-le-hasard-influencent-fissures-et-adhesion-2.html","title":{"rendered":"Quand les mat\u00e9riaux c\u00e8dent : comment la chaleur et le hasard influencent fissures et adh\u00e9sion"},"content":{"rendered":"<div  class='flex_column av-1funssr-9e5baa9aa5233fed113980b63b007dc9 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-mbizwtfp-1bed1a5687fe7ed38702996276c4ba32'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #826f6f;\">Quand les mat\u00e9riaux c\u00e8dent : comment la chaleur et le hasard influencent fissures et adh\u00e9sion.<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mbj0uwt1-0602c684997f43a6145acb591764f783\">\n.flex_column.av-mbj0uwt1-0602c684997f43a6145acb591764f783{\nborder-width:20px;\nborder-color:#a3a3a3;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;\nbackground-color:#a3a3a3;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-mbj0uwt1-0602c684997f43a6145acb591764f783 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_textblock  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-mbizxyje-4e4b8671bdb499ade3656fb385f29ea8'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Deux articles scientifiques r\u00e9sultant d\u2019une collaboration franco-italienne jettent un nouvel \u00e9clairage sur les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes fondamentaux de l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion et de la rupture, deux processus apparemment distincts mais intimement li\u00e9s.\u00a0 Tous deux sont en fait fortement influenc\u00e9s par les minuscules mouvements al\u00e9atoires des atomes, connus sous le nom de fluctuations thermiques.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mbj0nlcw-3e27c5f75d5679917d777499f5426328'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-73872 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/crackjmps3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1332\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/crackjmps3.jpg 1332w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/crackjmps3-300x76.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/crackjmps3-1030x262.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/crackjmps3-768x195.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/crackjmps3-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/crackjmps3-705x179.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1332px) 100vw, 1332px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='flex_column av-12hau7f-90b53406a3662ac6aca9b40376907bb4 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-mbizzb25-61584ab24753b9effecbefb867808d7c'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><span style=\"color: #826f6f;\">Pourquoi certains mat\u00e9riaux tiennent bon alors que d\u2019autres se fissurent ou se d\u00e9collent soudainement ? Cette question en apparence simple cache une physique bien plus subtile, o\u00f9 la chaleur et le d\u00e9sordre jouent souvent les premiers r\u00f4les.<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1-4-0ebfdc50d64b4e0f9374bd91d31200b3\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-0ebfdc50d64b4e0f9374bd91d31200b3{\ncolor:#826f6f;\nborder-color:#826f6f;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-0ebfdc50d64b4e0f9374bd91d31200b3 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1-4-0ebfdc50d64b4e0f9374bd91d31200b3 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8ed' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span>Deux \u00e9tudes scientifiques r\u00e9centes apportent un \u00e9clairage nouveau sur ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne en montrant que les<strong> fluctuations thermiques<\/strong> \u2014 ces infimes mouvements al\u00e9atoires des atomes provoqu\u00e9s par la temp\u00e9rature \u2014 peuvent avoir une influence d\u00e9cisive sur la solidit\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux. Ces travaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans le cadre de la <strong>th\u00e8se de doctorat de Claudia Binetti, dirig\u00e9e par Stefano Giordano \u00e0 l\u2019IEMN<\/strong>, et par <strong>Giuseppe Puglisi<\/strong> (DICATECh, Bari) et <strong>Nicola M. Pugno<\/strong> (Dicam, Trento) du c\u00f4t\u00e9 italien.<br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1-4-8-09775bddc4fc2985e6571867c7d50602\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-8-09775bddc4fc2985e6571867c7d50602{\ncolor:#826f6f;\nborder-color:#826f6f;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-8-09775bddc4fc2985e6571867c7d50602 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1-4-8-09775bddc4fc2985e6571867c7d50602 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8ed' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span>La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tude s\u2019int\u00e9resse \u00e0 l\u2019<strong>adh\u00e9sion<\/strong> \u2014 cette force discr\u00e8te qui permet aux surfaces de rester coll\u00e9es. Un gecko qui marche au plafond, un post-it qui tient sur un mur : derri\u00e8re ces gestes anodins se cache un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne complexe. Les chercheurs ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un mod\u00e8le math\u00e9matique qui relie les forces microscopiques entre mol\u00e9cules au comportement global du mat\u00e9riau. Et ils ont d\u00e9couvert qu\u2019un simple changement de temp\u00e9rature pouvait provoquer un <strong>d\u00e9crochage brutal de l\u2019adh\u00e9sion<\/strong>, comme une colle qui ne fonctionne plus lorsqu\u2019il fait chaud.<br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1-4-7-563d64c4ec9acdc126fda31c64c6e2ef\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-7-563d64c4ec9acdc126fda31c64c6e2ef{\ncolor:#826f6f;\nborder-color:#826f6f;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-7-563d64c4ec9acdc126fda31c64c6e2ef .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1-4-7-563d64c4ec9acdc126fda31c64c6e2ef avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8ed' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span>La deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9tude explore les <strong>fractures<\/strong> \u2014 la mani\u00e8re dont les fissures naissent et se propagent. Contrairement \u00e0 ce que l\u2019on croit, les mat\u00e9riaux ne cassent pas seulement sous une forte contrainte. Des<strong> vibrations thermiques apparemment inoffensives<\/strong> peuvent suffire \u00e0 d\u00e9clencher une fissure, qui ensuite se d\u00e9veloppe de fa\u00e7on inattendue, sous l\u2019effet du hasard.<\/p>\n<p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1-4-7-1-40e7ab200d84e47abae21594e3635468\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-7-1-40e7ab200d84e47abae21594e3635468{\ncolor:#826f6f;\nborder-color:#826f6f;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-7-1-40e7ab200d84e47abae21594e3635468 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1-4-7-1-40e7ab200d84e47abae21594e3635468 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue881' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #826f6f;\">Ce qui relie ces deux travaux, c\u2019est une approche multi-\u00e9chelle : une m\u00e9thode th\u00e9orique qui relie l\u2019univers chaotique des atomes aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s visibles des mat\u00e9riaux r\u00e9els.<\/span><\/strong> Dans les deux cas, les chercheurs ont mis en \u00e9vidence des <strong>transitions de phase<\/strong> \u2014 des changements soudains d\u2019un \u00e9tat \u00e0 un autre (comme passer de coll\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9coll\u00e9, ou d\u2019intact \u00e0 fissur\u00e9), provoqu\u00e9s non seulement par la force, mais aussi par le d\u00e9sordre thermique. <strong><span style=\"color: #826f6f;\">Ces transitions expliquent comment un mat\u00e9riau peut changer brutalement de comportement, m\u00eame dans des conditions apparemment calmes.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h5>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1-4-7-1-1-a1798ac50a697b33892a62e8dca4b8c7\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-7-1-1-a1798ac50a697b33892a62e8dca4b8c7{\ncolor:#826f6f;\nborder-color:#826f6f;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-7-1-1-a1798ac50a697b33892a62e8dca4b8c7 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1-4-7-1-1-a1798ac50a697b33892a62e8dca4b8c7 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue881' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #826f6f;\">Cette compr\u00e9hension plus fine ne sert pas qu\u2019\u00e0 expliquer les d\u00e9faillances : elle permet d\u2019envisager des mat\u00e9riaux plus fiables et mieux con\u00e7us.<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #826f6f;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-23aruz-f23c2d7baf735ab45ec3adf784ba6c17 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-mbizzn74-627ddafa205de62c93b6fe0af93ac7bd'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-73885 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/adhesion2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1004\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/adhesion2.jpg 1004w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/adhesion2-300x76.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/adhesion2-768x196.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/adhesion2-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/adhesion2-705x180.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1004px) 100vw, 1004px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1-4-5-2e0a0f5e2d204849d22f6c589f08dc55\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-5-2e0a0f5e2d204849d22f6c589f08dc55{\ncolor:#826f6f;\nborder-color:#826f6f;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-5-2e0a0f5e2d204849d22f6c589f08dc55 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1-4-5-2e0a0f5e2d204849d22f6c589f08dc55 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue889' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #826f6f;\">Ces recherches ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives :<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1-4-4-5d679862f4f953823db1ad65014c8725\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-4-5d679862f4f953823db1ad65014c8725{\ncolor:#826f6f;\nborder-color:#826f6f;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-4-5d679862f4f953823db1ad65014c8725 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1-4-4-5d679862f4f953823db1ad65014c8725 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8ed' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span> <strong>En biophysique :<\/strong> Mieux comprendre l\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle microscopique pour am\u00e9liorer la fixation des dispositifs m\u00e9dicaux ou les interactions cellulaires.<br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1-4-3-b5bdfa5239be44c92e1bca88b18a20c0\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-3-b5bdfa5239be44c92e1bca88b18a20c0{\ncolor:#826f6f;\nborder-color:#826f6f;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-3-b5bdfa5239be44c92e1bca88b18a20c0 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1-4-3-b5bdfa5239be44c92e1bca88b18a20c0 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8ed' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><strong>En sciences des mat\u00e9riaux :<\/strong> Mieux appr\u00e9hender la fracture pour concevoir des mat\u00e9riaux plus r\u00e9sistants et durables (a\u00e9ronautique, \u00e9lectronique, infrastructures).<br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1-4-2-2b69f7f2499c60d7a8636953208f10e1\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-2-2b69f7f2499c60d7a8636953208f10e1{\ncolor:#826f6f;\nborder-color:#826f6f;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-2-2b69f7f2499c60d7a8636953208f10e1 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1-4-2-2b69f7f2499c60d7a8636953208f10e1 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8ed' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><strong>En nanotechnologie :<\/strong> Contr\u00f4ler pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l\u2019adh\u00e9sion et la rupture pour cr\u00e9er des nanomachines et capteurs performants.<br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1-4-1-d996df9dfa29d988d9069e55ef8a12c6\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-1-d996df9dfa29d988d9069e55ef8a12c6{\ncolor:#826f6f;\nborder-color:#826f6f;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1-4-1-d996df9dfa29d988d9069e55ef8a12c6 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1-4-1-d996df9dfa29d988d9069e55ef8a12c6 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8ed' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><strong>En \u00e9nergie et environnement :<\/strong> D\u00e9velopper des mat\u00e9riaux capables de s\u2019auto-r\u00e9parer ou de s\u2019adapter aux conditions changeantes.<\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #826f6f;\">Car renforcer un mat\u00e9riau, ce n\u2019est pas toujours ajouter de la mati\u00e8re : c\u2019est parfois mieux \u00e9couter les murmures du d\u00e9sordre.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #826f6f;\"> Un pont entre pays et disciplines\u00a0: ce travail illustre parfaitement la collaboration franco-italienne, combinant physique, ing\u00e9nierie et math\u00e9matiques appliqu\u00e9es. Il marque une avanc\u00e9e dans la ma\u00eetrise des forces invisibles qui gouvernent la solidit\u00e9 et la durabilit\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux essentiels \u00e0 notre quotidien.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-q61mbv-63f77337ff234f7ab542b7bc0434de0d av_one_full  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mbj21o51-8b419c6132d5336dbd33c45faeb64a38\">\n#top .hr.av-mbj21o51-8b419c6132d5336dbd33c45faeb64a38{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.hr.av-mbj21o51-8b419c6132d5336dbd33c45faeb64a38 .hr-inner{\nwidth:500px;\nborder-color:#af5050;\nmax-width:45%;\n}\n.hr.av-mbj21o51-8b419c6132d5336dbd33c45faeb64a38 .av-seperator-icon{\ncolor:#af5050;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-mbj21o51-8b419c6132d5336dbd33c45faeb64a38 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-20  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  hr-center hr-icon-yes'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><span class='av-seperator-icon' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue849' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mbj1pi49-666cbf24d69b38724388feca40c989eb'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Claudia Binetti, Andrea Cannizzo, Giuseppe Florio, Nicola M. Pugno, Giuseppe Puglisi, and Stefano Giordano, \u00ab\u00a0Exploring the impact of thermal fluctuations on continuous models of adhesion\u00a0\u00bb, International Journal of Engineering Science 208 (2025) 104194, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0020722524001782?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.ijengsci.2024.104194.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Claudia Binetti, Giuseppe Florio, Nicola M. Pugno, Stefano Giordano, and Giuseppe Puglisi, \u00ab\u00a0Thermal fluctuations effects on crack nucleation and propagation\u00a0\u00bb, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 201 (2025) 106157, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0022509625001334?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.jmps.2025.106157.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mbj24ffw-2d8591664c23f9f7c18f2381e407642f'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"color: #f16728;\"><strong>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-6978d6d485cb6bfb6696b3bdf9bd44b3\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-6978d6d485cb6bfb6696b3bdf9bd44b3{\ncolor:#826f6f;\nborder-color:#826f6f;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-6978d6d485cb6bfb6696b3bdf9bd44b3 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:25px;\nline-height:25px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-6978d6d485cb6bfb6696b3bdf9bd44b3 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue805' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #826f6f;\">\u00a0<strong>Stefano.Giordano<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"align=absbottom wp-image-73335 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/arobase6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"16\" height=\"14\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/arobase6.png 16w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/arobase6-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 16px) 100vw, 16px\" \/>univ-lille.fr<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[297],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-newsletter"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73867"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73867\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74447,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73867\/revisions\/74447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73867"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}