{"id":72396,"date":"2025-02-06T15:11:27","date_gmt":"2025-02-06T13:11:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/?p=72396"},"modified":"2025-02-25T12:04:16","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T10:04:16","slug":"a-nano-radar-for-cell-imaging-3d-microwave-microscopy-and-fluorescence-in-a-liquid-medium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/newsletter\/a-nano-radar-for-cell-imaging-3d-microwave-microscopy-and-fluorescence-in-a-liquid-medium.html","title":{"rendered":"A nano-radar for cell imaging: 3D microwave microscopy and fluorescence in a liquid medium"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m6kfb4m4-5fe157acfb2922d6c407feb1ffed48f7\">\n.flex_column.av-m6kfb4m4-5fe157acfb2922d6c407feb1ffed48f7{\nbackground-color:#efefef;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-m6kfb4m4-5fe157acfb2922d6c407feb1ffed48f7 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-m6jedv7s-f02ac12b1e6a08b878e74e6ad2838672'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m6kez784-1fe73fb4b3ef6c606bd74ffef34da566\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-m6kez784-1fe73fb4b3ef6c606bd74ffef34da566{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-m6kez784-1fe73fb4b3ef6c606bd74ffef34da566 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_textblock'><span class='hr-inner'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m6jef3f8-4b1f1086f555bb536f399d768a41c089'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1>A nano-radar for cell imaging: 3D microwave microscopy and fluorescence in a liquid medium<\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #f16728;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m6jek97m-f0703278816439aa8e71459b1f9e7835\">\n#top .hr.av-m6jek97m-f0703278816439aa8e71459b1f9e7835{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-m6jek97m-f0703278816439aa8e71459b1f9e7835 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#f16728;\nmax-width:45%;\n}\n.hr.av-m6jek97m-f0703278816439aa8e71459b1f9e7835 .av-seperator-icon{\ncolor:#f16728;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-m6jek97m-f0703278816439aa8e71459b1f9e7835 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_half  hr-center hr-icon-yes'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><span class='av-seperator-icon' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue87b' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-m6jdpaok-1bd26374588bb9bb424562183b62b4b8 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m6jdswo0-e63a1ab9558d0f038f3210deb76b9b3d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-m6jdswo0-e63a1ab9558d0f038f3210deb76b9b3d .avia_textblock{\ntext-align:justify;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m6jdswo0-e63a1ab9558d0f038f3210deb76b9b3d'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p class=\"Standard\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-53082-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff7b00;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-1524bcfe1dd544a44cfe81886c34073c\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1524bcfe1dd544a44cfe81886c34073c{\ncolor:#ff7b00;\nborder-color:#ff7b00;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-1524bcfe1dd544a44cfe81886c34073c .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:25px;\nline-height:25px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-1524bcfe1dd544a44cfe81886c34073c avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue885' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The electrical activity of cellular organelles such as mitochondria plays a key role in biology and medicine, but remains poorly understood. Its link with aging, apoptosis and diseases such as cancer and diabetes raises essential questions. Developing a calibrated, broadband electronic interface would enable to explore these phenomena and pave the way for new therapeutic approaches.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #ff7b00;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-3-9ddbbfcf8e1204fc5bc3927ac48288f3\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-3-9ddbbfcf8e1204fc5bc3927ac48288f3{\ncolor:#ff7b00;\nborder-color:#ff7b00;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-3-9ddbbfcf8e1204fc5bc3927ac48288f3 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:25px;\nline-height:25px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-3-9ddbbfcf8e1204fc5bc3927ac48288f3 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue889' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #808080; text-decoration: underline;\">Early work<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">In 2017, a consortium comprising the IEMN, the University of California Irvine, the Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at the Children&rsquo;s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA, carried out the first-ever imaging of living mitochondria using scanning microwave microscopy. Mitochondria, isolated from cultured HeLa cells, are attached to a graphene support and kept alive by a respiratory buffer that supplies them with the nutrients required for the Krebs cycle. The organelles are analyzed by capacitive measurement at a frequency of 7 GHz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-53082-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-3-1-c8fdedcec6442f52611db09fc073032b\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-3-1-c8fdedcec6442f52611db09fc073032b{\ncolor:#ff7b00;\nborder-color:#ff7b00;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-3-1-c8fdedcec6442f52611db09fc073032b .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:25px;\nline-height:25px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-3-1-c8fdedcec6442f52611db09fc073032b avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue889' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span> \u00a0<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #808080; text-decoration: underline;\">A nanoelectronic broadband interface inside living cells with integrated fluorescence readout of metabolic activity.<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #808080;\">In 2020, the consortium achieves a major breakthrough by presenting the very first calibrated broadband electrical connection inside a living cell with integrated fluorescence readout of metabolic activity. On-chip, nanoscale capacitance calibration standards are used to quantify microwave response with cellular images obtained at 22 GHz. Such an interface opens up numerous prospects for the integration of life sciences with nanoelectronics, notably for electronic testing of membrane potential dynamics, nanoelectronic activation of cellular processes, as well as nano-radar tomographic imaging of the morphology of vital organelles within the cytoplasm, throughout the cell life cycle, in different physiological environments and under various pharmacological conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #808080;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m6t4tzi4-61a6499c149591fd8a437db91c3a8520\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-m6t4tzi4-61a6499c149591fd8a437db91c3a8520{\nheight:125px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-m6t4tzi4-61a6499c149591fd8a437db91c3a8520 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr'><span class='hr-inner'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m6z4h8qx-59fc14a8be258b60108e0b7e32dccff4\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-m6z4h8qx-59fc14a8be258b60108e0b7e32dccff4{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-m6z4h8qx-59fc14a8be258b60108e0b7e32dccff4 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr'><span class='hr-inner'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-sfujoh-160513e48c6ee555680daf9d1b6da8e4\">\n#top .hr.av-sfujoh-160513e48c6ee555680daf9d1b6da8e4{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-sfujoh-160513e48c6ee555680daf9d1b6da8e4 .hr-inner{\nwidth:125;\nmax-width:45%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-sfujoh-160513e48c6ee555680daf9d1b6da8e4 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock  hr-center hr-icon-yes'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><span class='av-seperator-icon' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue84e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m6je98a0-c914cc8b53aceedf496c10fc1dab8441'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-53082-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-3-1-2-39a5fe3bb2295eae626f4e1fc366d716\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-3-1-2-39a5fe3bb2295eae626f4e1fc366d716{\ncolor:#ff7b00;\nborder-color:#ff7b00;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-3-1-2-39a5fe3bb2295eae626f4e1fc366d716 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:25px;\nline-height:25px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-3-1-2-39a5fe3bb2295eae626f4e1fc366d716 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue889' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #808080; text-decoration: underline;\">Combined 3D coaxial microwave microscopy and super-resolution fluorescence: Proof-of-concept imaging of living cells in liquid media &#8211; Towards a biological nano-radar<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #808080;\">In 2024, the same consortium is continuing its work by developing a new proof-of-concept for 3D microwave microscopy combined with super-resolution fluorescence. This new version uses micro- or nano-coaxial probes to overcome the problem of parasitic coupling. The coaxial architecture improves the spatial resolution and sensitivity of measurements by reducing unwanted absorption of the microwave signal by the biological medium. These advances lay the foundations for a true biological nano-radar capable of probing the electromagnetic dynamics of cellular organelles in liquid media, in real time.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m6jenubk-2d51498c88dc44c60061ccabb10b1621\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-m6jenubk-2d51498c88dc44c60061ccabb10b1621 .avia_textblock{\ntext-align:justify;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m6jenubk-2d51498c88dc44c60061ccabb10b1621'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-53082-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff7b00;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqde7m-2-70a66f18ecee0847b59470b90592f8ca\">\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-2-70a66f18ecee0847b59470b90592f8ca{\ncolor:#ff7b00;\nborder-color:#ff7b00;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-mqde7m-2-70a66f18ecee0847b59470b90592f8ca .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:25px;\nline-height:25px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-mqde7m-2-70a66f18ecee0847b59470b90592f8ca avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue889' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #808080;\">To be continued<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>In January 2025, METAS, the Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology, joined the consortium, contributing its expertise in the development of nano-coaxial probes. These new probes, based on advances in nano-fabrication, are currently being integrated. Their deployment aims to extend the capabilities of the device, both in terms of spatial resolution and spectral coverage. In addition, this work is paving the way for the design of reference metrological equipment, designed to guarantee the traceability and calibration of nanoscale microwave measurements in biological environments. These developments also open up new perspectives in radio-frequency quantum detection, currently being optimized. The aim is to explore previously inaccessible measurement regimes, with enhanced precision and stability.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-pkjtzx-ae0e0864cfa130247f8f40aa1ae8dbfb av_one_half  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_div'     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-m6je9ub6-2b241e8a69fef25c12221b3f2c441c5c'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/K-Haddadi-fig2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-72357\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/K-Haddadi-fig2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/K-Haddadi-fig2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/K-Haddadi-fig2-263x300.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/K-Haddadi-fig2-11x12.jpg 11w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>(a)<\/strong> A microwave vector network analyser (Keysight N5222A PNA) measures the signal reflected from a metal AFM tip.<\/em> <em>A standard AFM scanner is used to move the AFM tip over the sample under study.<\/em> <em><strong>(b)<\/strong> The equivalent electrical circuit at the tip of the probe consists mainly of the capacitance between the tip and the ground plane, which varies as the tip is moved.<\/em> <em>However, unwanted parasitic elements are also present.<\/em> <em>Although these are assumed to be constant when the tip is scanned, they need to be calibrated in order to obtain a corrected image. <strong>(c)<\/strong> Sample chamber containing live cells and calibrated standards, together with the optically transparent electrical ground plane (ITO).<\/em> <em><strong>(d)<\/strong> SEM image of the calibration discs.<\/em> <em><strong>(e) <\/strong>Superimposed bright field and fluorescence image of a live HeLa cell culture. The fluorescent marker TMRE is used to indicate mitochondrial membrane potential.<strong> (f)<\/strong> Photograph of the sample chamber<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m6t4e7yl-6e0d6070becaee95a5b07f2a159de173\">\n.avia-video.av-m6t4e7yl-6e0d6070becaee95a5b07f2a159de173{\nbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/video-kamel-H-300x228.jpg);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-video av-m6t4e7yl-6e0d6070becaee95a5b07f2a159de173 avia-video-16-9 av-preview-image avia-video-load-always avia-video-html5'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/video_agrandissement_kamel_web.mp4'><video class='avia_video' poster=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/video-kamel-H-300x228.jpg\"   preload=\"auto\"  controls id='player_72396_1694727673_514673758'><source src='https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/video_agrandissement_kamel_web.mp4' type='video\/mp4' \/><\/video><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m6z97c62-c8e7fc6263a74b0575c631b9382f9acf'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Microwave microscopy imaging of a vital HELA cell in tapping mode<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m6t583xm-3597def24dbdfd405d9b1c1a35b90a5a\">\n#top .hr.av-m6t583xm-3597def24dbdfd405d9b1c1a35b90a5a{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-m6t583xm-3597def24dbdfd405d9b1c1a35b90a5a .hr-inner{\nwidth:125;\nmax-width:45%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-m6t583xm-3597def24dbdfd405d9b1c1a35b90a5a hr-custom  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  hr-center hr-icon-yes'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><span class='av-seperator-icon' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue84e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m6jdvgw4-4e10fbe8871ac32cc0c4a990921f9217\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-m6jdvgw4-4e10fbe8871ac32cc0c4a990921f9217 .avia_textblock{\ntext-align:justify;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m6jdvgw4-4e10fbe8871ac32cc0c4a990921f9217'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"attachment_72365\" style=\"width: 430px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Partie-4-figure-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72365\" class=\"wp-image-72365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Partie-4-figure-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Partie-4-figure-1.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Partie-4-figure-1-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Partie-4-figure-1-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Partie-4-figure-1-260x185.jpg 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-72365\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Implementation of the system for the proof of concept of coaxial 3D microwave microscopy combined with high-resolution fluorescence.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_72374\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pattie-4-figure-2.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72374\" class=\"wp-image-72374\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pattie-4-figure-2.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"161\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-72374\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(a) Broadband measurement above a metal plate with a separation distance set at 80 \u03bcm. (b) Complex reflection coefficient S11 measured as a function of absolute Z position for the test frequencies 3.75375 GHz, 3.99335 GHz and 5.76040 GHz (MUT = HeLa cells [ATCC CCL-2] in a physiological buffer, ZSTEP = 50 \u03bcm). IFBW = 100 Hz.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m6kg6dp4-0a0341a118e8e82382779cf552f32e66\">\n#top .hr.av-m6kg6dp4-0a0341a118e8e82382779cf552f32e66{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-m6kg6dp4-0a0341a118e8e82382779cf552f32e66 .hr-inner{\nwidth:550;\nmax-width:45%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-m6kg6dp4-0a0341a118e8e82382779cf552f32e66 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_textblock  hr-center hr-icon-yes'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><span class='av-seperator-icon' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue84e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m6kfyqx5-5c24a44740cc8a2bc2d2d74fa2861b11'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div>\n<p>References<\/p>\n<p>[1] Li, Jinfeng, Zahra Nernati, Kamel Haddadi, Douglas C. Wallace, and Peter J. Burke. \u00ab\u00a0Scanning microwave microscopy of vital mitochondria in respiration buffer.\u00a0\u00bb In 2018 IEEE\/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium-IMS, pp. 115-118. IEEE, 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03224648v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03224648v1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[2] Ren, Dandan, Zahra Nemati, Chia-Hung Lee, Jinfeng Li, Kamel Haddadi, Douglas C. Wallace, and Peter J. Burke. \u00ab\u00a0An ultra-high bandwidth nano-electronic interface to the interior of living cells with integrated fluorescence readout of metabolic activity.\u00a0\u00bb Scientific reports 10, no. 1 (2020): 10756.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03224644v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03224644v1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[3] Lee, Chia-Hung, Kamel Haddadi, and Peter J. Burke. \u00ab\u00a0Combined Super-Resolution Fluorescence and Coaxial 3-D Scanning Microwave Microscopy: Proof-of-Concept In-Liquid Live-Cell Imaging: Toward a Biological Nano-Radar.\u00a0\u00bb IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters (2024).\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04815101v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04815101v1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[4] Kamel Haddadi, IEEE Member, Cl\u00e9ment Lenoir, Mohamed Sebbache, Chia-Hung Lee, Peter Burke, IEEE fellow. \u00ab\u00a0Microwave Imaging with Open-Ended Coaxial Probes.\u00a0\u00bb IEEE 2024 International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS), Delft, Netherlands, (2024). <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04946860v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04946860v1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Contact us:<\/p>\n<p><div  class='avia-button-wrap av-rpqvoq-9e49efa2cc96472cdaff5b05d2780920-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-25  el_before_av_button  avia-builder-el-first'><a href='mailto:kamel.haddadi@iemn.fr'  class='avia-button av-rpqvoq-9e49efa2cc96472cdaff5b05d2780920 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-light avia-position-left avia-color-silver'   aria-label=\"Kamel Haddadi\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue805' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Kamel Haddadi<\/span><\/a><\/div> <div  class='avia-button-wrap av-rpqvoq-a6916327a67a975f1ede808483948a8a-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_button  avia-builder-el-last'><a href='mailto:pburke@uci.edu'  class='avia-button av-rpqvoq-a6916327a67a975f1ede808483948a8a av-link-btn avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-light avia-position-left avia-color-silver'   aria-label=\"Peter J. Burke\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue805' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Peter J. Burke<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/p>\n<p class=\"Standard\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[297],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-newsletter"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72396"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72396\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}