{"id":70068,"date":"2024-09-04T12:17:55","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T10:17:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/?p=70068"},"modified":"2024-09-19T14:32:01","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T12:32:01","slug":"ultra-sensitive-detection-and-manipulation-of-nano-mechanical-vibrations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/newsletter\/ultra-sensitive-detection-and-manipulation-of-nano-mechanical-vibrations.html","title":{"rendered":"Ultra-sensitive detection and manipulation of nano-mechanical vibrations"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jcmdkp-f0648170943aa2db4b98afe287ec47a5\">\n.flex_column.av-jcmdkp-f0648170943aa2db4b98afe287ec47a5{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-jcmdkp-f0648170943aa2db4b98afe287ec47a5 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lj2wv98e-ae672bf8c0b6ef1ce6098370193dc897\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lj2wv98e-ae672bf8c0b6ef1ce6098370193dc897{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lj2wv98e-ae672bf8c0b6ef1ce6098370193dc897 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lj2wv98e-ae672bf8c0b6ef1ce6098370193dc897 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lj2wv98e-ae672bf8c0b6ef1ce6098370193dc897 av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-linked-heading'><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  > Ultra-sensitive detection and manipulation of nano-mechanical vibrations<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-welzek-afb4895d7bf172b66e6fe02bf654bb47 hr-default  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_textblock'><span class='hr-inner'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-liyd3ih1-2de45dc71256443f58ac05b1c659686e\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-liyd3ih1-2de45dc71256443f58ac05b1c659686e .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-liyd3ih1-2de45dc71256443f58ac05b1c659686e'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>To date, various technologies have been developed in both industrial and research settings to detect and manipulate tiny mechanical vibrations at the nanometre scale, facilitating sensing applications. However, there is still a lack of tools that combine high spatial resolution with the ability to manipulate the energy exchange between different vibrating elements without the need for mechanical contact. Such a tool is essential for exploring extremely small energy variations, for example for sensing in quantum systems.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>In this work, we present a unique and ultra-sensitive platform that uses a scanning metallic tip capacitively coupled to an underlying membrane, with no mechanical contact. Low-power microwave signals are transmitted through the tip to an underlying membrane, serving as an information bus. These microwave photons facilitate coherent interactions between the tiny mechanical vibrations of a few nanometres carried by the tip and the membrane, but also provide an ultra-sensitive method to readout this kind of interactions, with detection floor of 2.1 pm\u2044\u221aHz. The basic concept of this platform, along with the suspended membrane fabricated using nanofabrication technologies [1], are shown in Fig.1. This setup combines high spatial resolution with the ability to inject microwaves, using the scanning tip as a movable top-gate positioned above the suspended vibrating membrane. The ultra-sensitivity allows to detect membrane vibrations even when the distance (h) between the tip and the membrane is relatively large, such as h = 1 \u03bcm. It enables the study of nanomechanical phenomena, such as mapping mechanical vibration modes (see Fig.2.(a)) and analysing mechanical damping effects. The spatial resolution can reach the nanometre scale.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l8sj8c-a06f1472d2b3e2e898226cb5e0d631fd\">\n.flex_column.av-l8sj8c-a06f1472d2b3e2e898226cb5e0d631fd{\nborder-width:4px;\nborder-color:#d6d6d6;\nborder-style:dotted;\nborder-radius:15px 15px 15px 15px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-l8sj8c-a06f1472d2b3e2e898226cb5e0d631fd av_one_half  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-liydilt8-a84414dca070dc19629155561facf5d0'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figure (1):<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/photo-xin.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-70041\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/photo-xin.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/photo-xin.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/photo-xin-300x115.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/photo-xin-768x294.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/photo-xin-18x7.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/photo-xin-705x270.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Fig.1: <\/em><em>The graph presents a coupled scanning tip and a suspended membrane. (a) A schematic of the basic concept of the experiment shows a scanning tip positioned above a membrane microelectromechanical resonator (shown in purple), with a separation distance h along the z-axis. (b) <\/em><em>Scanning Electron Microscopy photo of the scanning tip and the membrane. <\/em><em>The tip has a head approximately 2 \u00b5m in size. The membrane is about 30 \u00b5m in diameter, with a thickness of around 80 nm, and is coated with a thin aluminium film roughly 20 nm thick [1]. The entire membrane is separated from the silicon substrate by etching away the silicon layer underneath through those patterned nano holes, which are approximately 200 nm in diameter [1]. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l8sj8c-4-ff8082a65424af8a60a2ef4fe0f4e436\">\n.flex_column.av-l8sj8c-4-ff8082a65424af8a60a2ef4fe0f4e436{\nborder-width:4px;\nborder-color:#d6d6d6;\nborder-style:dotted;\nborder-radius:15px 15px 15px 15px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-l8sj8c-4-ff8082a65424af8a60a2ef4fe0f4e436 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-liydilt8-3-d77d93f9ca561128ffe9015b8dd5c9a0'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figure (2):<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/xin2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-70043 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/xin2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/xin2.jpg 950w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/xin2-300x149.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/xin2-768x382.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/xin2-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/xin2-705x351.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Fig.2: <\/em><em>The graph presents unique features of this coupled tip - membrane system: (a) <\/em><em>The spatial vibration modes of the membrane are mapped by scanning the tip across the x-y surface while maintaining a constant distance h between the tip and the membrane. The lower figure displays the typical mechanical response of the membrane when the tip is positioned at the centre of the circular membrane, measured via microwave photons emitted from the tip. The upper figure presents a spatial pattern map of the membrane vibration mode, derived from the resonances measured at each x-y position. The imaging mode map is consistent with mechanical vibration theory. (b) The vibration amplitude of the scanning tip varies depending on the electrical signal V<sub>p<\/sub>which biases the interaction between the membrane and the tip.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-rwurp2-d2cfcf1cda7f2944060bc33913dff205 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_button  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m0mfi2uz-c44ca45d607b2da5b8c1dda866632c12\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-m0mfi2uz-c44ca45d607b2da5b8c1dda866632c12 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m0mfi2uz-c44ca45d607b2da5b8c1dda866632c12'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p><em>One might assume that establishing energy exchange between two spatially separated nanomechanical systems with different vibration frequencies would be challenging.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>However, this assumption is incorrect. This work demonstrates that we can manipulate coherent energy exchange between two vibrating systems through parametric coupling, leveraging the fundamental principles of phonon-cavity nanoelectromechanics [2], even when both systems are excited at their respective resonance frequencies. Figure 2(b) presents one of experimental results showing that the tip's energy (in the form of phonons) can be reduced by applying a signal to its coupled membrane at the frequency difference between the vibrating tip and the membrane. The higher the amplitude of the applied signal, the more phonons are removed, effectively eliminating the tip's mechanical vibrations. Achieving this ultra-sensitive manipulation and readout scheme relies on parametric coupling of microwave photons between the tip and the membrane.<\/p>\n<p>These achievements are the result of a long-term national collaboration with the Institut N\u00e9el's UBT group, supported technically by IEMN's PCMP and CMNF platforms, and financially by the ANR-MORETOME and CHIST-ERA NOEMIA projects. These results were recently published in <em>ACS Nano Letters<\/em> [3]. Our work advances the application of scanning microwave microscopy by extending it to the imaging of mechanical vibration modes for the first time, with potential for integration into various sensing applications.  The concept of this experimental configuration will further facilitate research activities to go beyond the current frontiers of quantum sensing, by taking advantage of microwave readout schemes which feature high sensitivity and low thermal effects.<\/p>\n<p>Ref:<\/p>\n<p>[1] X. Zhou, et al, '<em>High-Q Silicon Nitride Drum Resonators Strongly Coupled to Gates'<\/em>. <strong><em>Nano Letters<\/em> <\/strong>21, no. 13 (June 2021): 5738-44. <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03263144\/document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03263144\/document<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[2] A Pokharel, et al, '<em>Capacitively Distinct Coupling Mechanical Resonators for Room-Temperature Phonon-Cavity Electromechanics<\/em>', <strong><em>Nano Letters<\/em><\/strong>, 22, 7351 (2022) <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03651266\/document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03651266\/document<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[3] H. Xu, et al, \"Imaging nanomechanical vibrations and manipulating parametric mode coupling via scanning microwave microscopy\", <strong><em>Nano Letters<\/em><\/strong>24, no.28, 8550 (2024). <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04651920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04651920<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-m0mg7phb-1bae90d771074aa00130243652eb3da7-wrap avia-button-center  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last'><a href='mailto:xin.zhou@iemn.fr' class='avia-button av-m0mg7phb-1bae90d771074aa00130243652eb3da7 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-position-center avia-color-theme-color' target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Contact Xin Zhou\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue805' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Contact Xin Zhou<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[297],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-newsletter"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70068"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70068\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}