{"id":57769,"date":"2023-06-06T10:21:55","date_gmt":"2023-06-06T08:21:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/?p=57769"},"modified":"2024-06-21T17:13:41","modified_gmt":"2024-06-21T15:13:41","slug":"these-charbel-tannoury-photomelangeurs-distribues-pour-la-generations-donde-sub-thz-et-thz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/actualites\/these-charbel-tannoury-photomelangeurs-distribues-pour-la-generations-donde-sub-thz-et-thz.html","title":{"rendered":"THESIS Charbel TANNOURY : \"Distributed photomixers for sub-THz and THz wave generations\"."},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='layer_slider_1'  class='avia-layerslider main_color avia-shadow  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  style='height: 261px;'  ><div id=\"layerslider_58_1ol1pl3q5fc9x\" data-ls-slug=\"homepageslider\" class=\"ls-wp-container fitvidsignore ls-selectable\" style=\"width:1140px;height:260px;margin:0 auto;margin-bottom: 0px;\"><div class=\"ls-slide\" data-ls=\"duration:6000;transition2d:5;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2600\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1.jpg\" class=\"ls-bg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1.jpg 2600w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-300x31.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-768x80.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-1030x107.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-1500x156.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-705x73.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2600px) 100vw, 2600px\" \/><ls-layer style=\"font-size:14px;text-align:left;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-transform:none;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;background-position:0% 0%;background-repeat:no-repeat;width:180px;height:30px;left:0px;top:231px;line-height:32px;color:#ffffff;border-radius:6px 6px 6px 6px;padding-left:50px;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.57);\" class=\"ls-l ls-ib-icon ls-text-layer\" data-ls=\"minfontsize:0;minmobilefontsize:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-quote-right\" style=\"color:#ffffff;margin-right:0.8em;font-size:1em;transform:translateY( -0.125em );\"><\/i>ACTUALITES<\/ls-layer><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='after_layer_slider_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-57769'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-9dd2cd12c29d8ec6784c638d35be7e59\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-9dd2cd12c29d8ec6784c638d35be7e59{\nmargin:0 0 10px 0;\npadding-bottom:4px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-9dd2cd12c29d8ec6784c638d35be7e59 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-9dd2cd12c29d8ec6784c638d35be7e59 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-9dd2cd12c29d8ec6784c638d35be7e59 av-special-heading-h2  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_layerslider  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first'><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >THESE Charbel TANNOURY : \u00ab\u00a0Photom\u00e9langeurs distribu\u00e9s pour la g\u00e9n\u00e9rations d\u2019onde sub-THz et THz\u00a0\u00bb<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1\">\n#top .hr.av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1{\nmargin-top:5px;\nmargin-bottom:5px;\n}\n.hr.av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jriy64i8-2f4600354c0449b610997916bbd9b6bc'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" >\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825\">\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825{\ncolor:#bfbfbf;\nborder-color:#bfbfbf;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:60px;\nline-height:60px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8c9' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span>\n<p><strong><b>Charbel TANNOURY \u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Soutenance : 13 Juin 2023 14H30<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>l\u2019Amphi th\u00e9\u00e2tre Appert \u00e0 Polythech<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jtefqx33-628129dba2299b2ecd65ebfc92eac29d'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div  class='hr av-kjh3zw-4dff888f744b728a1aca9b3a0971493a hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  avia-builder-el-no-sibling'><span class='hr-inner'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Jury :<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Rapporteure: Florence Podevin Professeur des Universit\u00e9s \u2013 Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes \u2013 Laboratoire TIMA<\/p>\n<p>Rapporteure: Juliette Mageney Directeur de Recherches \u2013 Laboratoire de physique de l\u2019ENS Paris<\/p>\n<p>Examinateur: Patrick Mounaix Directeur de Recherches \u2013 CNRS \u2013 Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux<\/p>\n<p>Examinateur: Frederic Vandijk Ing\u00e9nieur de Recherche \u2013 III-V lab \u2013 Palaiseau<\/p>\n<p>Examinateur: Vincent Magnin Maitre de conf\u00e9rence \u2013 IEMN laboratoire centrale<\/p>\n<p>Examinateur: Jean-Francois Lampin Directeur de Recherches \u2013 IEMN laboratoire centrale<\/p>\n<p>Directeur de th\u00e8se: Emilien Peytavit Charg\u00e9 de recherche CNRS \u2013 IEMN laboratoire centrale<\/p>\n<h5>Summary:<\/h5>\n<p>Le photom\u00e9lange est une technique de conversion d\u2019onde optique en onde THz qui implique l\u2019interaction de deux sources optiques de fr\u00e9quences diff\u00e9rentes dans un mat\u00e9riau photoconducteur, ce qui entra\u00eene la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019une onde \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique THz \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence de fr\u00e9quence entre les deux sources optiques. L\u2019un des principaux avantages du photom\u00e9lange est son fonctionnement \u00e0 large bande, qui permet de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un rayonnement THz dans une large gamme de fr\u00e9quences. En outre, les mat\u00e9riaux photoconductifs peuvent \u00eatre facilement int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans des dispositifs petits et portables, ce qui permet de cr\u00e9er des sources THz compactes et tr\u00e8s efficaces. L\u2019utilisation de mat\u00e9riaux photoconductifs est principalement attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 leur grande photoconductivit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la courte dur\u00e9e de vie des porteurs du mat\u00e9riau et, en partie, \u00e0 la conception de l\u2019appareil. Les photom\u00e9langeurs actuels sont des dispositifs de la taille microm\u00e9trique qui sont \u00e9clair\u00e9s verticalement et sont principalement limit\u00e9s par la puissance optique incidente maximale en raison de la petite taille de leur zone active. Cette derni\u00e8re est n\u00e9cessaire pour minimiser la limitation de fr\u00e9quence bien connue li\u00e9e \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 d\u00e9finie par la taille de l\u2019\u00e9lectrode. Les photom\u00e9langeurs distribu\u00e9s sont un autre type de photom\u00e9langeurs qui permettent de surmonter la limitation de capacit\u00e9 des dispositifs \u00e0 \u00e9clairage vertical gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur structure distribu\u00e9e. Outre les limites fondamentales de la dur\u00e9e de vie des porteurs, les photom\u00e9langeurs distribu\u00e9s sont limit\u00e9s par le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019indice de r\u00e9fraction THz et l\u2019indice du groupe optique. Nous pr\u00e9sentons ici un nouveau concept de photom\u00e9langeurs distribu\u00e9s bas\u00e9 sur de l\u2019ars\u00e9niure de gallium \u00e9pitaxi\u00e9 \u00e0 basse temp\u00e9rature, capable de g\u00e9rer des puissances optiques \u00e9lev\u00e9es atteignant le niveau du watt pour des longueurs d\u2019onde de 780 nm et 1550 nm gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa plus grande zone active atteignant une longueur de 1 mm. En outre, cette nouvelle conception permet un ajustement facile des deux indices, ce qui conduit \u00e0 une meilleure adaptation entre ces indices. En fin de compte, les r\u00e9sultats de ce manuscrit d\u00e9montrent qu\u2019il est possible de fabriquer un photom\u00e9langeur distribu\u00e9 permettant \u00e0 la fois de g\u00e9rer une puissance optique \u00e9lev\u00e9e et une adaptation d\u2019indice plausible, ce qui permet \u00e0 ces photom\u00e9langeurs de rivaliser avec les photom\u00e9langeurs \u00e0 illumination verticale et m\u00eame de surmonter leurs limites.<\/p>\n<h5>Abstract:<\/h5>\n<p>Photomixing is an optical-to-THz wave conversion technique that involves the interaction of two optical sources of different frequencies in a photoconductive material, resulting in the generation of a THz electromagnetic wave at the frequency difference between the two optical sources. One of the main advantages of photomixing is its broadband operation, which enables THz radiation to be generated over a wide range of frequencies. In addition, photoconductive materials can be easily integrated into small, portable devices, enabling the creation of compact, highly efficient THz sources. The use of photoconductive materials is mainly attributed to their high photoconductivity and the short carrier lifetime of the material, and partly to the design of the device. Current photomixers are micrometer-sized devices that are vertically illuminated and are mainly limited by the maximum incident optical power due to the small size of their active area. The latter is necessary to minimize the well-known frequency limitation linked to the capacitance defined by the electrode size. Distributed photomixers are another type of photomixer that overcome the capacitance limitation of vertically illuminated devices thanks to their distributed structure. In addition to fundamental limits on carrier lifetime, distributed photomixers are limited by the mismatch between THz refractive index and optical group index. We present here a new concept of distributed photomixers based on low-temperature epitaxial gallium arsenide, capable of handling high optical powers reaching the watt level for wavelengths of 780 nm and 1550 nm thanks to its largest active area reaching a length of 1 mm. In addition, the new design allows easy adjustment of the two indices, leading to better matching between them. Ultimately, the results of this manuscript demonstrate that it is possible to fabricate a distributed photomixer that can handle both high optical power and plausible index matching, enabling such photomixers to compete with and even overcome the limitations of vertically-illuminated photomixers.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":65998,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,318],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-these-2023"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57769"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57769\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65998"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}