{"id":56939,"date":"2023-03-23T12:46:27","date_gmt":"2023-03-23T10:46:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/?p=56939"},"modified":"2023-03-23T12:46:27","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T10:46:27","slug":"these-ghazal-m-interfacer-les-neurones-avec-la-nanoelectronique-organique-des-microelectrodes-passives-aux-transistors-electrochimiques-organiques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/theses-2022\/these-ghazal-m-interfacer-les-neurones-avec-la-nanoelectronique-organique-des-microelectrodes-passives-aux-transistors-electrochimiques-organiques.html","title":{"rendered":"THESE GHAZAL M. \u00ab\u00a0Interfacer les neurones avec la nano\u00e9lectronique organique ; Des micro\u00e9lectrodes passives aux transistors \u00e9lectrochimiques organiques \u00ab\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='layer_slider_1'  class='avia-layerslider main_color avia-shadow  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  style='height: 261px;'  ><div id=\"layerslider_58_11doxbl5cjwcy\" data-ls-slug=\"homepageslider\" class=\"ls-wp-container fitvidsignore ls-selectable\" style=\"width:1140px;height:260px;margin:0 auto;margin-bottom: 0px;\"><div class=\"ls-slide\" data-ls=\"duration:6000;transition2d:5;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2600\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1.jpg\" class=\"ls-bg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1.jpg 2600w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-300x31.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-768x80.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-1030x107.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-1500x156.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-705x73.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2600px) 100vw, 2600px\" \/><ls-layer style=\"font-size:14px;text-align:left;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-transform:none;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;background-position:0% 0%;background-repeat:no-repeat;width:180px;height:30px;left:0px;top:231px;line-height:32px;color:#ffffff;border-radius:6px 6px 6px 6px;padding-left:50px;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.57);\" class=\"ls-l ls-ib-icon ls-text-layer\" data-ls=\"minfontsize:0;minmobilefontsize:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-quote-right\" style=\"color:#ffffff;margin-right:0.8em;font-size:1em;transform:translateY( -0.125em );\"><\/i>ACTUALITES<\/ls-layer><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='after_layer_slider_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-56939'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lfkzl7oj-fa870fe4360f90bd61ff7922210b399c\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lfkzl7oj-fa870fe4360f90bd61ff7922210b399c{\nmargin:0 0 10px 0;\npadding-bottom:4px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lfkzl7oj-fa870fe4360f90bd61ff7922210b399c .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lfkzl7oj-fa870fe4360f90bd61ff7922210b399c .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lfkzl7oj-fa870fe4360f90bd61ff7922210b399c av-special-heading-h2  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_layerslider  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first'><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >THESE GHAZAL M. \u00ab\u00a0Interfacer les neurones avec la nano\u00e9lectronique organique ; Des micro\u00e9lectrodes passives aux transistors \u00e9lectrochimiques organiques \u00ab\u00a0<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1\">\n#top .hr.av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1{\nmargin-top:5px;\nmargin-bottom:5px;\n}\n.hr.av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jriy64i8-2f4600354c0449b610997916bbd9b6bc'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" >\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825\">\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825{\ncolor:#bfbfbf;\nborder-color:#bfbfbf;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:60px;\nline-height:60px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8c9' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span>\n<p><strong>M. GHAZAL<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Soutenance : 16 D\u00e9cembre 2022<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>Th\u00e8se de doctorat en Electronique, micro\u00e9lectronique, nano\u00e9lectronique et micro-ondes, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, ENGSYS Sciences de l\u2019ing\u00e9nierie et des syst\u00e8mes<br \/>\nAssociated project: RENATECH<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jtefqx33-628129dba2299b2ecd65ebfc92eac29d'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div  class='hr av-kjh3zw-4dff888f744b728a1aca9b3a0971493a hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  avia-builder-el-no-sibling'><span class='hr-inner'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<h5>Summary:<\/h5>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9lectrophysiologie est la science qui \u00e9tudie les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9lectriques des cellules et des tissus \u00e9lectrog\u00e9niques, afin de caract\u00e9riser leur fonctionnalit\u00e9, leur excitabilit\u00e9 et leur interconnectivit\u00e9 en tant que r\u00e9seau. Dans la qu\u00eate pour d\u00e9chiffrer le code neuronal, il est essentiel de changer la fa\u00e7on dont nos technologies fonctionnent pour enregistrer et stimuler l\u2019\u00e9lectrophysiologie du cerveau. D\u00e9bloquer les goulots d\u2019\u00e9tranglement dans les neuroproth\u00e8ses d\u2019implants artificiels ou l\u2019\u00e9lectrostimulation du cerveau pour la gu\u00e9rison des maladies chroniques, cet objectif est partag\u00e9 par de nombreuses initiatives de recherche dans le monde : l\u2019initiative BRAIN aux \u00c9tats-Unis, le Human Brain Project dans l\u2019UE, le projet MIND au Japon et la China Brain Initiative pour ne citer qu\u2019eux. L\u2019enregistrement c\u00e9r\u00e9bral se fait \u00e0 plusieurs niveaux : avec des dispositifs non invasifs ou invasifs, permettant des enregistrements intracellulaires ou extracellulaires. Les r\u00e9seaux de micro\u00e9lectrodes (MEA) pour les exp\u00e9riences in vivo et in vitro offrent un compromis entre la densit\u00e9 d\u2019informations (environ une ms \/ dizaines de \u00b5m) et la taille (plus de 100 cellules). Cependant, le MEA passif souffre d\u2019un faible rapport signal\/bruit (SNR), filtrant la d\u00e9tection de nombreux \u00e9v\u00e9nements biologiques. Dans ce travail, les transistors sont \u00e9tudi\u00e9s comme une alternative au MEA en tant que dispositif actif avec amplification de signal sur site. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur couplage iono-\u00e9lectronique, les Transistors Electrochimiques Organiques (OECT) permettent d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la transduction du signal entre la biologie et l\u2019\u00e9lectronique. Les mat\u00e9riaux impliqu\u00e9s sont \u00e9galement des interfaces plus biocompatibles et conformes qui peuvent am\u00e9liorer l\u2019adh\u00e9sion des neurones. Dans ce manuscrit, nous aborderons diff\u00e9rentes approches allant de la probl\u00e9matique au niveau des circuits et des dispositifs jusqu\u2019aux mat\u00e9riaux et tenterons d\u2019aborder le couplage entre la nanotechnologie et les neurones. En particulier, l\u2019\u00e9lectropolym\u00e9risation EDOT est \u00e9tudi\u00e9e ici pour ajuster la post-fabrication du mat\u00e9riau afin d\u2019optimiser l\u2019interface cellule\/\u00e9lectrode. Combin\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019imagerie optique et au Spike-Sorting, ces enregistrements am\u00e9lior\u00e9s de cultures neuronales 2D ont permis une estimation plus fine de la position des somas, ouvrant des possibilit\u00e9s pour mieux comprendre le couplage neurone-\u00e9lectrode. Pour une optimisation ult\u00e9rieure, l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un monom\u00e8re synth\u00e9tique a montr\u00e9 un couplage et des performances encore plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019EDOT pour les enregistrements extracellulaires in vitro, avec des valeurs SNR proches des micro\u00e9lectrodes 3D permettant de r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts et la complexit\u00e9 de leur processus de microfabrication. Transf\u00e9r\u00e9 sur OECT pour adapter la d\u00e9tection, l\u2019\u00e9lectropolym\u00e9risation s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e \u00eatre une technique polyvalente pour r\u00e9gler ind\u00e9pendamment leur transconductance et leur imp\u00e9dance, \u00e0 la demande, pour r\u00e9pondre aux diff\u00e9rentes exigences de d\u00e9tection et adapter la vitesse de fonctionnement et le bruit de l\u2019OECT : des exigences cruciales pour l\u2019\u00e9lectrophysiologie. Enfin, la nature microscopique du neurone-OECT a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9e pour donner une explication physique de l\u2019interface pour avoir une base solide pour l\u2019optimisation syst\u00e9matique de l\u2019OECT. Les avantages et les inconv\u00e9nients de l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019OECT pour les enregistrements neuronaux in vitro sont discut\u00e9s sur la base des enregistrements obtenus dans ce travail, en abordant \u00e0 la fois les niveaux de mat\u00e9riel et de dispositif pour l\u2019int\u00e9gration future de l\u2019instrument et l\u2019impact au niveau des circuits. Les nouveaux mat\u00e9riaux, processus et concepts de cette \u00e9tude abordent la question de l\u2019interface neurone\/capteur. En renfor\u00e7ant la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019enregistrement, ce travail contribue \u00e0 une meilleure compr\u00e9hension de l\u2019interaction aux niveaux neurone-micro\u00e9lectronique et biomol\u00e9cules-nanostructures, menant \u00e0 de nouvelles d\u00e9couvertes fondamentales tout en interfa\u00e7ant l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du cerveau<\/p>\n<h5>Abstract:<\/h5>\n<p>Electrophysiology is the science that studies the electrical properties of electrogenic cells and tissues to characterize their functionality, excitability, and interconnectivity as a network. In the quest to decipher the neural code, it is essential to change the way our technologies work to record and stimulate brain electrophysiology. Unlocking bottlenecks in artificial implant neuroprosthetics or brain electrostimulation for healing chronic diseases, this goal is shared by many research initiatives around the world: the BRAIN Initiative in the US, the Human Brain Project in the EU, the MIND project in Japan and the China Brain Initiative to name a few. Brain recording is done at several levels: with non-invasive or invasive devices, allowing intracellular or extracellular recordings. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for in vivo and in vitro experiments offer a compromise between information density (about one ms \/ tens of \u00b5m) and size (more than 100 cells). However, the passive MEA suffers from a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), filtering the detection of many biological events. In this work, transistors are studied as an alternative to MEA as an active device with on-site signal amplification. Due to their ion-electronic coupling, Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) allow for improved signal transduction between biology and electronics. The materials involved are also more biocompatible and compliant interfaces that can improve neuron adhesion. In this manuscript, we will address different approaches ranging from circuit and device level issues to materials and attempt to address the coupling between nanotechnology and neurons. In particular, EDOT electropolymerization is studied here to adjust the post-fabrication of the material to optimize the cell\/electrode interface. Combined with optical imaging and Spike-Sorting, these improved recordings of 2D neuronal cultures allowed for a more refined estimation of soma position, opening up possibilities to better understand neuron-electrode coupling. For further optimization, the use of a synthetic monomer showed even higher coupling and performance compared to EDOT for in vitro extracellular recordings, with SNR values close to 3D microelectrodes allowing to reduce the cost and complexity of their microfabrication process. Transferred to OECT to tailor detection, electropolymerization has proven to be a versatile technique to independently adjust their transconductance and impedance, on demand, to meet different detection requirements and tailor the operating speed and noise of OECT: crucial requirements for electrophysiology. Finally, the microscopic nature of the neuron-OECT was studied to give a physical explanation of the interface to have a solid basis for systematic optimization of the OECT. The advantages and disadvantages of using OECT for in vitro neuronal recordings are discussed based on the recordings obtained in this work, addressing both hardware and device levels for future integration of the instrument and the impact at the circuit level. The new materials, processes, and concepts in this study address the neural\/sensor interface. By enhancing the quality of the recording, this work contributes to a better understanding of the interaction at the neuron-microelectronic and biomolecule-nanostructure levels, leading to new fundamental discoveries while interfacing the electrical activity of the brain<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[316],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-theses-2022"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56939"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56939\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}