{"id":55500,"date":"2022-12-01T11:51:38","date_gmt":"2022-12-01T09:51:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/?p=55500"},"modified":"2022-12-01T11:51:56","modified_gmt":"2022-12-01T09:51:56","slug":"these-d-henniquau-conception-dune-interface-fonctionnelle-permettant-la-communication-entre-des-neurones-artificiels-et-biologiques-pour-des-applications-dans-le-domaine-des-neurosciences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/these\/these-2021\/these-d-henniquau-conception-dune-interface-fonctionnelle-permettant-la-communication-entre-des-neurones-artificiels-et-biologiques-pour-des-applications-dans-le-domaine-des-neurosciences.html","title":{"rendered":"THESE : D. HENNIQUAU \u2013 Conception d\u2019une interface fonctionnelle permettant la communication entre des neurones artificiels et biologiques pour des applications dans le domaine des neurosciences"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='layer_slider_1'  class='avia-layerslider main_color avia-shadow  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  style='height: 261px;'  ><div id=\"layerslider_58_p4w4mix0eyh6\" data-ls-slug=\"homepageslider\" class=\"ls-wp-container fitvidsignore ls-selectable\" style=\"width:1140px;height:260px;margin:0 auto;margin-bottom: 0px;\"><div class=\"ls-slide\" data-ls=\"duration:6000;transition2d:5;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2600\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1.jpg\" class=\"ls-bg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1.jpg 2600w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-300x31.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-768x80.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-1030x107.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-1500x156.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-705x73.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2600px) 100vw, 2600px\" \/><ls-layer style=\"font-size:14px;text-align:left;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-transform:none;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;background-position:0% 0%;background-repeat:no-repeat;width:180px;height:30px;left:0px;top:231px;line-height:32px;color:#ffffff;border-radius:6px 6px 6px 6px;padding-left:50px;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.57);\" class=\"ls-l ls-ib-icon ls-text-layer\" data-ls=\"minfontsize:0;minmobilefontsize:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-quote-right\" style=\"color:#ffffff;margin-right:0.8em;font-size:1em;transform:translateY( -0.125em );\"><\/i>ACTUALITES<\/ls-layer><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='after_layer_slider_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-55500'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lb4wdwnj-3ec0c28a065e19fda3919ce102d0a639\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lb4wdwnj-3ec0c28a065e19fda3919ce102d0a639{\nmargin:0 0 10px 0;\npadding-bottom:4px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lb4wdwnj-3ec0c28a065e19fda3919ce102d0a639 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lb4wdwnj-3ec0c28a065e19fda3919ce102d0a639 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lb4wdwnj-3ec0c28a065e19fda3919ce102d0a639 av-special-heading-h2  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_layerslider  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first'><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >THESE : D. HENNIQUAU \u2013 Conception d\u2019une interface fonctionnelle permettant la communication entre des neurones artificiels et biologiques pour des applications dans le domaine des neurosciences <\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1\">\n#top .hr.av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1{\nmargin-top:5px;\nmargin-bottom:5px;\n}\n.hr.av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-18u73nj-dad6a947580930e400fc42ba200e80f1 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jriy64i8-2f4600354c0449b610997916bbd9b6bc'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" >\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825\">\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825{\ncolor:#bfbfbf;\nborder-color:#bfbfbf;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:60px;\nline-height:60px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-13ewzjw-68e036126b913e5028f77311dc66b825 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8c9' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span>\n<p><strong>D. HENNIQUAU<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Soutenance : <strong><span class=\"titre\">14 d\u00e9cembre<\/span> <span class=\"annee_parution\">2021<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><span class=\"titre\">Th\u00e8se de doctorat en Electronique, micro\u00e9lectronique, nano\u00e9lectronique et micro-ondes, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, ENGSYS Sciences de l\u2019ing\u00e9nierie et des syst\u00e8mes.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"projets\">Associated project: RENATECH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jtefqx33-628129dba2299b2ecd65ebfc92eac29d'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div  class='hr av-kjh3zw-4dff888f744b728a1aca9b3a0971493a hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  avia-builder-el-no-sibling'><span class='hr-inner'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<h5>Summary:<\/h5>\n<p>L\u2019ing\u00e9nierie neuromorphique est un nouveau champ disciplinaire en plein essor qui fait appel \u00e0 des comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9lectronique, math\u00e9matiques, informatique et en ing\u00e9nierie biomorphique dans le but de produire des r\u00e9seaux de neurones artificiels capables de traiter les informations \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re du cerveau humain. Ainsi, les syst\u00e8mes neuromorphiques offrent non seulement des solutions plus performantes et efficientes que les technologies actuelles de traitement de l\u2019information mais permettent \u00e9galement d\u2019envisager le d\u00e9veloppement de strat\u00e9gies th\u00e9rapeutiques in\u00e9dites dans le cadre de dysfonctionnements c\u00e9r\u00e9braux pathologiques. Le groupe Circuits Syst\u00e8mes Applications des Micro-ondes (CSAM) de l\u2019Institut d\u2019Electronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologies (IEMN) dans lequel ces travaux de th\u00e8se ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de ces syst\u00e8mes neuromorphiques en d\u00e9veloppant une bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils compl\u00e8te de neurones et synapses artificiels. Pour int\u00e9grer l\u2019ing\u00e9nierie neuromorphique dans la prise en charge de dysfonctionnements neuronaux pathologiques, il convient d\u2019interfacer les neurones artificiels et les neurones vivants afin d\u2019assurer une communication r\u00e9elle entre ces diff\u00e9rents composants. Dans ce contexte, et en utilisant les outils innovants d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par le groupe CSAM, l\u2019objectif de ce travail de th\u00e8se a \u00e9t\u00e9 de concevoir et r\u00e9aliser une interface fonctionnelle permettant d\u2019\u00e9tablir une boucle de communication bidirectionnelle entre des neurones artificiels et des neurones vivants. Les neurones artificiels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par le groupe CSAM sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s en technologie CMOS et capables d\u2019\u00e9mettre des signaux \u00e9lectriques biomim\u00e9tiques. Les neurones vivants sont issus de cellules PC12 diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es. Une premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de ce travail a consist\u00e9 \u00e0 mod\u00e9liser et \u00e0 simuler cette interface entre neurones artificiels et vivants ; une deuxi\u00e8me partie de la th\u00e8se a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 la fabrication et \u00e0 la caract\u00e9risation d\u2019interfaces neurobiohybrides, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 la croissance et \u00e0 la caract\u00e9risation de neurones vivants, avant d\u2019\u00e9tudier leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 communiquer avec des neurones artificiels. Ainsi, un mod\u00e8le de membrane neuronale repr\u00e9sentant un neurone vivant interfac\u00e9 avec une \u00e9lectrode m\u00e9tallique planaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9. L\u2019exploitation de ce mod\u00e8le a permis de montrer qu\u2019il est possible de stimuler des neurones vivants en utilisant les signaux biomim\u00e9tiques issus du mod\u00e8le de neurones artificiels tout en conservant des tensions d\u2019excitation faibles. L\u2019utilisation de faibles tensions d\u2019excitation permettrait d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des syst\u00e8mes neurobiohybrides int\u00e9grant des neurones artificiels et d\u2019amoindrir le risque d\u2019endommager les tissus vivants. Ensuite, le neurobiohybride permettant d\u2019interfacer les neurones vivants et les neurones artificiels a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et r\u00e9alis\u00e9. Une caract\u00e9risation exp\u00e9rimentale de cette interface a permis de valider l\u2019approche consistant \u00e0 exciter un neurone vivant au travers d\u2019une \u00e9lectrode m\u00e9tallique planaire. Enfin, des cellules neuronales vivantes issues de cellules PC-12 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cultiv\u00e9es et diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es dans les neurobiohybrides. Une preuve exp\u00e9rimentale de la capacit\u00e9 des signaux \u00e9lectriques biomim\u00e9tiques produits par les neurones artificiels a ainsi pu \u00eatre apport\u00e9e par la technique d\u2019imagerie calcique. En conclusion, les travaux pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans ce manuscrit \u00e9tablissent clairement la preuve de concept de l\u2019excitation de neurones vivants par un signal biomim\u00e9tique dans nos conditions exp\u00e9rimentales et \u00e9tayent ainsi la premi\u00e8re partie de la boucle de communication bidirectionnelle entre neurones artificiels et neurones vivants.<\/p>\n<h5>Abstract:<\/h5>\n<p>Neuromorphic engineering is a new and rapidly growing field of study that calls upon skills in electronics, mathematics, computer science and biomorphic engineering in order to produce artificial neural networks capable of processing information in the manner of the human brain. Thus, neuromorphic systems not only offer more powerful and efficient solutions than current information processing technologies, but also allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies for pathological brain dysfunctions. The Circuits Systems Applications of Microwaves (CSAM) group of the Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnologies (IEMN) where this thesis work was carried out has contributed to the emergence of these neuromorphic systems by developing a complete toolbox of artificial neurons and synapses. In order to integrate neuromorphic engineering in the management of pathological neuronal dysfunctions, it is necessary to interface artificial neurons and living neurons in order to ensure a real communication between these different components. In this context, and using the innovative tools developed by the CSAM group, the objective of this thesis work was to design and realize a functional interface allowing to establish a bidirectional communication loop between artificial and living neurons. The artificial neurons developed by the CSAM group are made of CMOS technology and are capable of emitting biomimetic electrical signals. The living neurons are derived from differentiated PC12 cells. A first step of this work consisted in modeling and simulating this interface between artificial and living neurons; a second part of the thesis was dedicated to the fabrication and characterization of neurobiohybrid interfaces, as well as to the growth and characterization of living neurons, before studying their capacity to communicate with artificial neurons. Thus, a neuronal membrane model representing a living neuron interfaced with a planar metal electrode was developed. The exploitation of this model allowed us to show that it is possible to stimulate living neurons using the biomimetic signals from the artificial neuron model while maintaining low excitation voltages. The use of low excitation voltages would improve the energy efficiency of neurobiohybrid systems incorporating artificial neurons and reduce the risk of damaging living tissue. Then, the neurobiohybrid allowing to interface the living neurons and the artificial neurons was designed and realized. An experimental characterization of this interface allowed to validate the approach consisting in exciting a living neuron through a planar metallic electrode. Finally, live neuronal cells derived from PC-12 cells were cultured and differentiated in the neurobiohybrids. An experimental proof of the capacity of the biomimetic electrical signals produced by the artificial neurons could thus be provided by the calcium imaging technique. In conclusion, the work presented in this manuscript clearly establishes the proof of concept of the excitation of living neurons by a biomimetic signal under our experimental conditions and thus supports the first part of the bidirectional communication loop between artificial and living neurons.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-these-2021"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55500"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55500\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}