{"id":48571,"date":"2021-11-30T15:51:40","date_gmt":"2021-11-30T13:51:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/?p=48571"},"modified":"2022-01-31T12:58:50","modified_gmt":"2022-01-31T10:58:50","slug":"these-de-dimitri-henniquau-conception-dune-interface-fonctionnelle-permettant-la-communication-de-neurones-artificiels-et-biologiques-pour-des-applications-dans-le-domaine-des-neuroscienc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/actualites\/these-de-dimitri-henniquau-conception-dune-interface-fonctionnelle-permettant-la-communication-de-neurones-artificiels-et-biologiques-pour-des-applications-dans-le-domaine-des-neuroscienc.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e8se de Dimitri Henniquau \u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Conception d\u2019une interface fonctionnelle permettant la communication de neurones artificiels et biologiques pour des applications dans le domaine des neurosciences\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-16nk3rv-0fcaf6d773bbb6d1bafa452ca3f1f29a\">\n.flex_column.av-16nk3rv-0fcaf6d773bbb6d1bafa452ca3f1f29a{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-16nk3rv-0fcaf6d773bbb6d1bafa452ca3f1f29a av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kwm5saxl-90fc1cc0011ac68e1b653383bb63f7e4'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Dimitri Henniquau's thesis<\/h3>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">\"Design of a functional interface for communication between artificial and biological neurons<br \/>\nfor applications in the field of neuroscience\".<\/h5>\n<blockquote>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-sjtn2z-bc03ccafc895054ebed5351fef1b69a9\">\n.av_font_icon.av-sjtn2z-bc03ccafc895054ebed5351fef1b69a9 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:30px;\nline-height:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-sjtn2z-bc03ccafc895054ebed5351fef1b69a9 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left av-no-color avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8c9' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span>\n<p>Thesis defence: 14 December at 10 a.m.<br \/>\nIEMN Amphitheatre - Central Laboratory (LCI) - Villeneuve d'Ascq<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h5>Jury :<\/h5>\n<p>C\u00e9cile DELACOUR, Research Fellow, Institut N\u00e9el, University of Grenoble, Rapporteur<br \/>\nSylvie RENAUD, University Professor, IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Rapporteur<br \/>\nSerge BERNARD, Research Director, LIRMM, University of Montpellier, Examiner<br \/>\nMarc PANANCEAU, Senior Lecturer, NeuroPSI, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Examiner<br \/>\nJean-Pierre VILCOT, Research Director, IEMN, University of Lille, Examiner<br \/>\nVirginie HOEL, University Professor, IEMN, University of Lille, Thesis supervisor<br \/>\nChristel VANBESIEN-MAILLIOT, Senior Lecturer, IEMN, University of Lille, Thesis supervisor<br \/>\nAlexis VLANDAS, Research Fellow, IEMN, University of Lille, Thesis supervisor<\/p>\n<h5>Summary:<\/h5>\n<p>Neuromorphic engineering is a new and fast-growing field that draws on skills in electronics, mathematics, computer science and biomorphic engineering to produce artificial neural networks capable of processing information in the same way as the human brain. In this way, neuromorphic systems not only offer more effective and efficient solutions than current information processing technologies, but also open up the possibility of developing novel therapeutic strategies for pathological brain dysfunctions.<br \/>\nThe Circuits Syst\u00e8mes Applications des Micro-ondes (CSAM) group at the Institut d'Electronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologies (IEMN), where this thesis work was carried out, has contributed to the emergence of these neuromorphic systems by developing a complete toolbox of artificial neurons and synapses. In order to integrate neuromorphic engineering into the treatment of pathological neuronal dysfunctions, artificial neurons and living neurons need to be interfaced in order to ensure real communication between these different components. In this context, and using the innovative tools developed by the CSAM group, the aim of this thesis work was to design and produce a functional interface enabling a bidirectional communication loop to be established between artificial neurons and living neurons. The artificial neurons developed by the CSAM group use CMOS technology and are capable of emitting biomimetic electrical signals. The living neurons are derived from differentiated PC12 cells.<br \/>\nThe first stage of this work consisted in modelling and simulating this interface between artificial and living neurons; the second part of the thesis was dedicated to the fabrication and characterisation of neurobiohybrid interfaces, as well as to the growth and characterisation of living neurons, before studying their ability to communicate with artificial neurons. A neuronal membrane model representing a living neuron interfaced with a planar metal electrode was developed. Using this model, it was shown that it is possible to stimulate living neurons using the biomimetic signals from the artificial neuron model while maintaining low excitation voltages. The use of low excitation voltages would improve the energy efficiency of neurobiohybrid systems incorporating artificial neurons and reduce the risk of damaging living tissue. Next, the neurobiohybrid used to interface living neurons and artificial neurons was designed and produced. Experimental characterisation of this interface validated the approach, which consists of exciting a living neuron via a planar metal electrode. Finally, live neuronal cells derived from PC-12 cells were cultured and differentiated in the neurobiohybrids. Experimental proof of the capacity of the biomimetic electrical signals produced by the artificial neurons was thus provided using the calcium imaging technique.<br \/>\nIn conclusion, the work presented in this manuscript clearly establishes the proof of concept of the excitation of living neurons by a biomimetic signal under our experimental conditions and thus supports the first part of the bidirectional communication loop between artificial neurons and living neurons.<\/p>\n<h5>Abstract:<\/h5>\n<p>Neuromorphic engineering is a new and rapidly growing field of study that calls upon skills in electronics, mathematics, computer science and biomorphic engineering in order to produce artificial neural networks capable of processing information in the manner of the human brain. Thus, neuromorphic systems not only offer more powerful and efficient solutions than current information processing technologies, but also allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies for pathological brain dysfunctions.<br \/>\nThe Circuits Systems Applications of Microwaves (CSAM) group of the Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnologies (IEMN) where this thesis work was carried out has contributed to the emergence of these neuromorphic systems by developing a complete toolbox of artificial neurons and synapses. In order to integrate neuromorphic engineering in the management of pathological neuronal dysfunctions, it is necessary to interface artificial neurons and living neurons in order to ensure a real communication between these different components. In this context, and using the innovative tools developed by the CSAM group, the objective of this thesis work was to design and realize a functional interface allowing to establish a bidirectional communication loop between artificial and living neurons. The artificial neurons developed by the CSAM group are made of CMOS technology and are capable of emitting biomimetic electrical signals. The living neurons are derived from differentiated PC12 cells.<br \/>\nA first step of this work consisted in modeling and simulating this interface between artificial and living neurons; a second part of the thesis was dedicated to the fabrication and characterization of neurobiohybrid interfaces, as well as to the growth and characterization of living neurons, before studying their capacity to communicate with artificial neurons. Thus, a neuronal membrane model representing a living neuron interfaced with a planar metal electrode was developed. The exploitation of this model allowed us to show that it is possible to stimulate living neurons using the biomimetic signals from the artificial neuron model while maintaining low excitation voltages. The use of low excitation voltages would improve the energy efficiency of neurobiohybrid systems incorporating artificial neurons and reduce the risk of damaging living tissue. Then, the neurobiohybrid allowing to interface the living neurons and the artificial neurons was designed and realized. An experimental characterization of this interface allowed to validate the approach consisting in exciting a living neuron through a planar metallic electrode. Finally, live neuronal cells derived from PC-12 cells were cultured and differentiated in the neurobiohybrids. An experimental proof of the capacity of the biomimetic electrical signals produced by the artificial neurons could thus be provided by the calcium imaging technique.<br \/>\nIn conclusion, the work presented in this manuscript clearly establishes the proof of concept of the excitation of living neurons by a biomimetic signal under our experimental conditions and thus supports the first part of the bidirectional communication loop between artificial and living neurons.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":29874,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48571","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48571","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48571"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48571\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}