{"id":44596,"date":"2021-03-05T11:55:41","date_gmt":"2021-03-05T09:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/?p=44596"},"modified":"2021-06-14T10:30:46","modified_gmt":"2021-06-14T08:30:46","slug":"ultrafast-mid-infrared-photodetectors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/actualites\/ultrafast-mid-infrared-photodetectors.html","title":{"rendered":"Ultrafast mid-infrared photodetectors"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='layer_slider_1'  class='avia-layerslider main_color avia-shadow  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  style='height: 261px;'  ><div id=\"layerslider_27_s31p8tn447va\" data-ls-slug=\"homepageslider\" class=\"ls-wp-container fitvidsignore ls-selectable\" style=\"width:1140px;height:260px;margin:0 auto;margin-bottom: 0px;\"><div class=\"ls-slide\" data-ls=\"duration:6000;transition2d:5;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2600\" height=\"270\" 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https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Slider_CMNF4-1500x156.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Slider_CMNF4-705x73.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2600px) 100vw, 2600px\" \/><ls-layer style=\"font-size:14px;text-align:left;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-transform:none;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;background-position:0% 0%;background-repeat:no-repeat;height:30px;top:231px;line-height:32px;color:#ffffff;border-radius:6px 6px 6px 6px;padding-left:50px;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.57);width:260px;\" class=\"ls-l ls-ib-icon ls-text-layer\"><i class=\"fa fa-user-circle\" style=\"color:#ffffff;margin-right:0.8em;font-size:1em;transform:translateY( -0.125em );\"><\/i>LA RECHERCHE \u00e0 l'IEMN<\/ls-layer><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='after_layer_slider_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-44596'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lp3ixg-b7c949ec675e07fb2c2d008a34eafcdf\">\n.flex_column.av-lp3ixg-b7c949ec675e07fb2c2d008a34eafcdf{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-lp3ixg-b7c949ec675e07fb2c2d008a34eafcdf av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_layerslider  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-klw9tvff-55df6561e4f6f7212d51614973839972'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/newsletter\/photo-detecteurs-moyen-infrarouge-ultra-rapides.html\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-40987 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/drapeau_francais_pt.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"43\" height=\"25\" \/><\/a>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-13ewzjw-fde09549ca2841d50b93d269afa6d88d\">\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-fde09549ca2841d50b93d269afa6d88d{\ncolor:#bfbfbf;\nborder-color:#bfbfbf;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-fde09549ca2841d50b93d269afa6d88d .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:35px;\nline-height:35px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-13ewzjw-fde09549ca2841d50b93d269afa6d88d avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-right avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue881' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3wtio50-098c157a4ffcff59f128727a4351115b\">\n.flex_column.av-3wtio50-098c157a4ffcff59f128727a4351115b{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-3wtio50-098c157a4ffcff59f128727a4351115b av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-klw4az9a-3b50b9b1010e6c70f0dd04ccc1f2c988'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44583 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/visuel1-300x266.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/visuel1-300x266.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/visuel1-14x12.jpg 14w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/visuel1.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-13ewzjw-b4537b28e7ed5bf60a139b688c253937\">\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-b4537b28e7ed5bf60a139b688c253937{\ncolor:#800000;\nborder-color:#800000;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-b4537b28e7ed5bf60a139b688c253937 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:30px;\nline-height:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-13ewzjw-b4537b28e7ed5bf60a139b688c253937 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue885' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span>Ultrafast mid-infrared photodetectors<\/h4>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Thanks to carrier lifetimes of the order of one picosecond, mid-infrared (MIR &#8211; \u03bb ~ 3-15\u03bcm)\u00a0photo-detectors based on inter-sub-band transitions in III -V hetero-structures can potentially reach bandwidths of several hundreds of GHz. A team of IEMN researchers, in collaboration with researchers from C2N Laboratory in Paris and the Key Laboratory of Terahertz Science in Shanghai, have exploited this property to demonstrate an ultra-fast MIR photo-detector with a 3dB bandwidth &gt; 70GHz at room temperature, the broadest reported to date at these wavelengths.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-cnd9v8-e1f3976cac22088e427fab6f55b06d55\">\n.flex_column.av-cnd9v8-e1f3976cac22088e427fab6f55b06d55{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-cnd9v8-e1f3976cac22088e427fab6f55b06d55 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><\/div><\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2y96ptg-d415eebbcb0627a2f4de75b040055e8e\">\n.flex_column.av-2y96ptg-d415eebbcb0627a2f4de75b040055e8e{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2y96ptg-d415eebbcb0627a2f4de75b040055e8e av_one_full  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-klw4bz53-d9c2af58e6f545be2903b1ba346bceed'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/visuel2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-44586 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/visuel2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/visuel2.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/visuel2-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/visuel2-16x6.jpg 16w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/visuel2-705x261.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2owx3ck-2c01ac4582bc898056cceb97f542f853\">\n.flex_column.av-2owx3ck-2c01ac4582bc898056cceb97f542f853{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2owx3ck-2c01ac4582bc898056cceb97f542f853 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-klw4dj8c-6b71e969058176a04007a127e002da32'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The response time of a semiconductor-based photo-detector is determined primarily by two key factors. On the one hand, inside the semiconductor material itself, we have the lifetime of the carriers excited by the incident radiation. This is called the intrinsic response time. On the other hand, the detector is connected to an external electrical circuit, providing so-called parasitic elements or simply parasitics, (capacitance, resistance and \/ or inductance), which determine the device electrical response time. The challenge is to minimize the parasitic effects in order to achieve the intrinsic response.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike visible or near infrared semiconductor-based detectors, where the electrons lifetime is determined by inter-band recombination processes, in multi-quantum well mid-infrared (MIR) photo-detectors, such as the one demonstrated in this work, electrons occupy levels or mini-bands inside the conduction band. As a result, the photo-excited carriers recombine via the emission of optical phonons, resulting in extremely short lifetimes, on the order of one picosecond. Intrinsic bandwidths of several hundred GHz are therefore potentially achievable.<\/p>\n<p>In this work, carried out in the THz Photonics group at IEMN, we exploit a ~350nm thick GaAs\/Al0.2Ga0.8As multi-quantum well heterostructure to demonstrate a MIR detector at l ~ 10mm. The device has been entirely fabricated in the IEMN cleanroom facility.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-23jkrg4-e5b6c17b1817f984f298ecd0963bfcd1\">\n.flex_column.av-23jkrg4-e5b6c17b1817f984f298ecd0963bfcd1{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-23jkrg4-e5b6c17b1817f984f298ecd0963bfcd1 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-klw4dvb0-925aa9ebdf24c37c3608f9233d33d264'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>To allow ultrafast operation and illumination at normal incidence, the detector consists of a 50W coplanar waveguide, monolithically integrated with a 2D-array of sub-wavelength patch antennas, electrically interconnected by suspended wires. With this device architecture we obtain a parasitic capacitance of ~30fF, corresponding to the static capacitance of the antennas, yielding a RC-limited 3dB cutoff frequency &gt;150GHz at 300K, extracted with a small-signal equivalent circuit model. Using this model, we quantitively reproduce the detector frequency response and find intrinsic roll-off time constants as low as 1ps at room temperature.<\/p>\n<p>The detector\u2019s frequency response was measured at the IEMN Characterization Center. To this end we have upgraded a 67GHz cryogenic probe station, in order to allow the simultaneous illumination of the detector by two MIR quantum cascade lasers. The resulting heterodyne beat-note, i.e. the ac component of the photocurrent oscillating at the difference frequency between the two lasers, is then detected using a spectrum analyzer. The result of the measurement at room temperature is shown in the figure above (right panel) where each red line represents a heterodyne beat. An almost flat frequency response up to 70 GHz (black circles) is obtained, limited by the measuring system\u2019s bandwidth. This is the largest bandwidth demonstrated to date for a quantum well MIR photo-detector, with, at the same time, state-of-the-art responsivities of 0.15 A \/ W and 1, 5 A \/ W respectively at T = 300K and T = 77K. These detectors have many potential applications in areas such as free space communications, military countermeasures, astrophysics, as well as gas detection and high-resolution spectroscopy.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1iq8lh0-c64f0eeece9e78ca78a7e0c9d50ef903\">\n.flex_column.av-1iq8lh0-c64f0eeece9e78ca78a7e0c9d50ef903{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1iq8lh0-c64f0eeece9e78ca78a7e0c9d50ef903 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-klw4fopo-2da27f39b0956abb6085d3405e5707d0'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" >\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-13ewzjw-9a9f1cfb2a3570afb0f44a0c4adce97a\">\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-9a9f1cfb2a3570afb0f44a0c4adce97a{\ncolor:#800000;\nborder-color:#800000;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-13ewzjw-9a9f1cfb2a3570afb0f44a0c4adce97a .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:30px;\nline-height:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-13ewzjw-9a9f1cfb2a3570afb0f44a0c4adce97a avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue871' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span>\n<h6>Find out more:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/acsphotonics.0c01299\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/acsphotonics.0c01299<\/a><\/h6>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-18uz8t0-de177aef07cfe8c28a165183ea95e677\">\n.flex_column.av-18uz8t0-de177aef07cfe8c28a165183ea95e677{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 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