{"id":42943,"date":"2020-06-08T14:38:14","date_gmt":"2020-06-08T12:38:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/articles-temporaires-anglais\/materiaux-2d-au-dela-du-graphene-2.html"},"modified":"2020-11-09T11:06:28","modified_gmt":"2020-11-09T09:06:28","slug":"materiaux-2d-au-dela-du-graphene-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/newsletter\/materiaux-2d-au-dela-du-graphene-2.html","title":{"rendered":"2D materials: beyond graphene\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='layer_slider_1'  class='avia-layerslider main_color avia-shadow  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  style='height: 261px;'  ><div id=\"layerslider_58_1vkvxurzohull\" data-ls-slug=\"homepageslider\" class=\"ls-wp-container fitvidsignore ls-selectable\" style=\"width:1140px;height:260px;margin:0 auto;margin-bottom: 0px;\"><div class=\"ls-slide\" data-ls=\"duration:6000;transition2d:5;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2600\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1.jpg\" class=\"ls-bg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1.jpg 2600w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-300x31.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-768x80.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-1030x107.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-1500x156.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/sliders_news1-705x73.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2600px) 100vw, 2600px\" \/><ls-layer style=\"font-size:14px;text-align:left;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-transform:none;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;background-position:0% 0%;background-repeat:no-repeat;width:180px;height:30px;left:0px;top:231px;line-height:32px;color:#ffffff;border-radius:6px 6px 6px 6px;padding-left:50px;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.57);\" class=\"ls-l ls-ib-icon ls-text-layer\" data-ls=\"minfontsize:0;minmobilefontsize:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-quote-right\" style=\"color:#ffffff;margin-right:0.8em;font-size:1em;transform:translateY( -0.125em );\"><\/i>ACTUALITES<\/ls-layer><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='after_layer_slider_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-42943'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1bwxxmv-9d8ff923882f65e51694328dde68b6ea\">\n.flex_column.av-1bwxxmv-9d8ff923882f65e51694328dde68b6ea{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1bwxxmv-9d8ff923882f65e51694328dde68b6ea av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_layerslider  el_before_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kb7p4lc7-08f8495b450049f598392b9ec2068945'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">2D materials: beyond graphene\u2026<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-732f5lz-6dc3a2ed5afa17e262d550fe77d44c86\">\n.flex_column.av-732f5lz-6dc3a2ed5afa17e262d550fe77d44c86{\nborder-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nbackground-color:#e2c499;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-732f5lz-6dc3a2ed5afa17e262d550fe77d44c86 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kb6hobcw-4a4b6be3e8d2705b8dd04a643e29ec15'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/visuel2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-41259 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/visuel2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"567\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/visuel2.png 567w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/visuel2-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Fig. 1<\/em><\/strong><em>: growth of hBN under ultra-high vacuum, formation of triangular domains of several aligned planes<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-oox1zb-dade9373d45fa266951869053db008bc\">\n.flex_column.av-oox1zb-dade9373d45fa266951869053db008bc{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:50px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-oox1zb-dade9373d45fa266951869053db008bc av_two_third  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kb6hwcrk-00b9e668d7aecf1ba3e7a4cb39574eb9'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<h4><em>hBN: the best ally of graphene<\/em><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Graphene is a material famous for its exceptional electronic properties.<br \/>\nHowever, if these properties are to be exploited in real components, it is essential to reduce electronic interaction with the environment as much as possible. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), another 2D material characterized by a very wide band gap (~6 eV), is very promising for this purpose. It can be used both to isolate graphene from the substrate and as a gate dielectric material. The study of the growth of hBN by molecular beam epitaxy started at IEMN in 2017 (see figure 1), in an ultra-high vacuum growth chamber that also allows the growth of graphene.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k4ruhz-2f1555e304a7c989c45271f795cec077\">\n.flex_column.av-k4ruhz-2f1555e304a7c989c45271f795cec077{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-k4ruhz-2f1555e304a7c989c45271f795cec077 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kb7kdcmm-cd4506b45618214dca6cc16a9724fe16'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/croquis_graph.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-41473 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/croquis_graph.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1417\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/croquis_graph.png 1417w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/croquis_graph-300x71.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/croquis_graph-1030x244.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/croquis_graph-768x182.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/croquis_graph-705x167.png 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1417px) 100vw, 1417px\" \/><\/a>Fig.\u00a0 2<\/em><\/strong><em>: <strong>2DHetero <\/strong>project, a) complete heterostructure obtained by growth,<br \/>\nb) heterostructure requiring a transfer step and c) test component<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kb7kv1i0-52c9c14cf3da55fa7ce4c6428fef5132'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The first results have notably led to the 2DHetero project, which has just been selected in the framework of the Flag-Era 2019 call. The aim of this project is to explore the direct growth of complete hBN\/graphene\/HBN heterostructures using coupled molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition techniques (see figure 2a), avoiding as much as possible any transfer\/report step of a part of the heterostructure (figure 2b). IHP Frankfurt\/Oder (Germany) and the University of Namur are the other members of the 2DHetero consortium.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-o5g6hz-974070f359497b073eaab1b42108af90\">\n.flex_column.av-o5g6hz-974070f359497b073eaab1b42108af90{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-o5g6hz-974070f359497b073eaab1b42108af90 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kb7l65h0-48f474c2017017d6df8cf2a314276951'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li>\n<h4><em>And with a forbidden band\u2026<\/em><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For more than fifteen years, the exceptional properties of graphene have stimulated materials research and led to numerous proposals for applications. Nevertheless, the absence of band gap remains an obstacle to the use of graphene in many micro and optoelectronic devices and thus to the development of 2D electronics. Other 2D materials and among them transition metal dichalcogenides (DMTs), with a band gap of 1 to 2 eV, can then take over. These materials offer properties that are not found in usual semiconductors: absence of hanging surface bonds, nature of the band gap varying with thickness, strong optical absorption, valleytronics,\u2026 It is in this perspective that to develop its activity on 2D materials, the IEMN has equipped itself at the beginning of 2020 with a frame for molecular jet epitaxy (MJE) of heterostructures of DMTs. This Vinci Technologies system is connected under ultra-high vacuum to a surface analysis chamber and a III-V semiconductor EJM frame. It is equipped with a valve cracker cell as Selenium source and a 6-crucible electron gun and Knudsen effusion cells for metal evaporation. It will be dedicated to the epitaxy of DMT heterostructures but also to the growth of hybrid III-V\/2Ds heterostructures.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-uok9af-f0b585babb350ab4c469eb42dac9c270\">\n.flex_column.av-uok9af-f0b585babb350ab4c469eb42dac9c270{\nborder-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nbackground-color:#e2c499;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-uok9af-f0b585babb350ab4c469eb42dac9c270 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kb7l4yf8-19b46da5cbbe530ef1422467115c8e3b'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/croquis4b.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-41392 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/croquis4b.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"425\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/croquis4b.png 425w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/croquis4b-300x280.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Fig. 3<\/em><\/strong><em>: Example of DMT heterostructure<br \/>\nfor the realization of Esaki diodes<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[297],"tags":[300],"class_list":["post-42943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-newsletter","tag-nl1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42943"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77642,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42943\/revisions\/77642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}