{"id":28028,"date":"2018-04-25T09:58:15","date_gmt":"2018-04-25T07:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/?page_id=28028"},"modified":"2024-09-18T15:32:39","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T13:32:39","slug":"on-going-studies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/la-recherche\/les-groupes\/groupe-acoustique\/on-going-studies","title":{"rendered":"Etudes en cours"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='layer_slider_1'  class='avia-layerslider main_color avia-shadow  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_submenu  avia-builder-el-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  style='height: 261px;'  ><div id=\"layerslider_50_fl5j40bgwzir\" data-ls-slug=\"homepageslider\" class=\"ls-wp-container fitvidsignore ls-selectable\" style=\"width:1140px;height:260px;margin:0 auto;margin-bottom: 0px;\"><div class=\"ls-slide\" data-ls=\"bgposition:50% 50%;duration:6000;transition2d:5;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2600\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sliders_groupe_acoustique2.jpg\" class=\"ls-bg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sliders_groupe_acoustique2.jpg 2600w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sliders_groupe_acoustique2-300x31.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sliders_groupe_acoustique2-768x80.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sliders_groupe_acoustique2-1030x107.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sliders_groupe_acoustique2-1500x156.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sliders_groupe_acoustique2-705x73.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2600px) 100vw, 2600px\" \/><ls-layer style=\"font-size:14px;text-align:left;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-transform:none;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0px;background-position:0% 0%;background-repeat:no-repeat;mix-blend-mode:normal;top:231px;left:0px;height:30px;width:360px;line-height:32px;color:#ffffff;border-radius:6px 6px 6px 6px;padding-left:50px;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.57);\" class=\"ls-l ls-ib-icon ls-text-layer\" data-ls=\"minfontsize:0;minmobilefontsize:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-user-circle\" style=\"color:#f2f2f2;margin-right:0.8em;font-size:1em;transform:translateY( -0.125em );\"><\/i>GROUPE DE RECHERCHE : ACOUSTIQUE<\/ls-layer><\/div><div class=\"ls-slide\" data-ls=\"bgposition:50% 50%;duration:6000;transition2d:5;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2600\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sliders_groupe_acoustique5.jpg\" class=\"ls-bg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sliders_groupe_acoustique5.jpg 2600w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sliders_groupe_acoustique5-300x31.jpg 300w, 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id='av-tab-section-1'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition   av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-881blo-75a2ea04874f89ded69399faedd4bab7'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-default' role='tablist'><a href='#cristaux-phononiques-et-mtamateriaux-acoustiques' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-lymyns9z-109ea0ab342ae42c3a2b774f68bbd149 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-1-1'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>Cristaux phononiques et M\u00e9tamateriaux Acoustiques <\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#acoustique-sous-marine' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title  av-1nt2gkc-930cdd20505ffc9a59b97b203f63bb5b av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-1-2'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>Underwater Acoustics<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#sonification-et-perception-multimodale' data-av-tab-section-title='3' class='av-section-tab-title  av-1cnufzw-457d628efe2334d3628f4d99733a335d av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-1-3'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>Sonification et Perception multimodale<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#algorithmique-quantique' data-av-tab-section-title='4' class='av-section-tab-title  av-pb23i4-f3aa9de58bb5b7dc508c855aa42872b6 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-1-4'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>Algorithmique quantique<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='avia-slideshow-arrows av-tabsection-arrow' ><a href='#prev' class='prev-slide av_prev_tab_section av-tab-section-slide' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue87c' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  tabindex='-1'>Previous<\/a><a href='#next' class='next-slide av_next_tab_section av-tab-section-slide' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue87d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  tabindex='-1'>Next<\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-default' style='width:400vw; left:0%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lymyns9z-109ea0ab342ae42c3a2b774f68bbd149\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-lymyns9z-109ea0ab342ae42c3a2b774f68bbd149{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-1-1' class='av-layout-tab av-lymyns9z-109ea0ab342ae42c3a2b774f68bbd149 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"cristaux-phononiques-et-mtamateriaux-acoustiques\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><p><div  class='flex_column av-sxmggs-8ff943635b85181d4d4f832f2db01e50 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-6  el_before_av_toggle_container  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div'     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lypwnxjh-3e17cdadc44ae01c46c506820fef594f'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Les cristaux phononiques (CPs) sont des mat\u00e9riaux composites p\u00e9riodiques pouvant poss\u00e9der des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de propagation inhabituelles. Ainsi, selon les caract\u00e9ristiques physiques de leurs constituants et si la longueur d\u2019onde incidente est de l\u2019ordre de grandeur de la p\u00e9riodicit\u00e9, leurs \u00a0structures de bandes acoustiques\/\u00e9lastiques peuvent pr\u00e9senter des bandes interdites, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des domaines de fr\u00e9quence o\u00f9 la propagation des ondes y est interdite. En plus \u00a0de \u00a0ces \u00a0bandes interdites, dites de \u00ab\u00a0Bragg\u00a0\u00bb car directement associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la structure p\u00e9riodique des CPs, ceux-ci peuvent pr\u00e9senter d\u2019autres propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de propagation originales telles que des courbes de dispersion \u00e0 pente n\u00e9gative, des bandes passantes \u00e0 r\u00e9fraction nulle ou des modes \u00ab\u00a0<em>topologiques<\/em> \u00bb (voir ci-dessous). Ces propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de propagation, inexistantes dans la plupart des mat\u00e9riaux naturels, peuvent \u00eatre exploit\u00e9es notamment pour r\u00e9aliser des isolants phoniques performants, des filtres fr\u00e9quentiels et des guides d\u2019ondes efficaces, des sources sonores \u00e0 forte directionnalit\u00e9, des dispositifs permettant de focaliser les ondes acoustiques \u2026<\/p>\n<p>Les m\u00e9tamat\u00e9riaux acoustiques et \u00e9lastiques (MMAs) pr\u00e9sentent les m\u00eames propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de propagation particuli\u00e8res que les CPs, mais dans ces mat\u00e9riaux sp\u00e9cifiquement structur\u00e9s, ces propri\u00e9t\u00e9s ne d\u00e9pendent pas de la p\u00e9riodicit\u00e9 de la structure, mais\u00a0uniquement des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques de leurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs qui peuvent \u00eatre localement r\u00e9sonants. Les MMAs pr\u00e9sentent d\u2019une part un caract\u00e8re sous-longueur d\u2019onde c\u2019est \u00e0 dire que les dimensions des briques de base les constituant sont beaucoup plus petites que la longueur d\u2019onde incidente et d\u2019autre part leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques (densit\u00e9, modules \u00e9lastiques, \u2026) sont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des param\u00e8tres effectifs dynamiques pouvant prendre des valeurs n\u00e9gatives dans certains domaines de fr\u00e9quence.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='hr av-o57boc-ae0133626aea154f12992f377e43107a hr-default  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last'><span class='hr-inner'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div><div  class='togglecontainer av-m17wkex9-3d2ba9026d36274b7658b09b2706407e  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-av_toggle-72ba6341d89f7cd4a1196032cfa0861b'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-1' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-1' class='toggler  av-title-above'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-1' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Cristaux phononiques comme isolants phoniques\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Cristaux phononiques comme isolants phoniques\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Cristaux phononiques comme isolants phoniques\">Cristaux phononiques comme isolants phoniques<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-1' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-1' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Nous avons r\u00e9alis\u00e9 une \u00e9tude combinant \u00e0 la fois des r\u00e9sultats de design de structure et de tests exp\u00e9rimentaux (transmission et perception) mettant en evidence la possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9aliser des barri\u00e8res anti-bruit \u00e0 base de cristaux phononiques.\u00a0\u00a0 Nous avons en particulier cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 analyser comment le son est per\u00e7u par un auditeur lorsqu\u2019il traverse un \u00e9cran acoustique constitu\u00e9 d\u2019un cristal phononique. Une structure faite de tubes de PVC plac\u00e9e dans l\u2019air et pr\u00e9sentant une bande d\u2019arr\u00eat dans le domaine des fr\u00e9quences audibles a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 realis\u00e9e au laboratoire et test\u00e9e sur un panel de volontaires. Notre \u00e9tude a montr\u00e9 qu\u2019un \u00e9cran acoustique efficace pour les fr\u00e9quences audibles peut \u00eatre con\u00e7u \u00e0 partir de ce cristal phononique; cette efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9tant du m\u00eame ordre que celle obtenue avec un \u00e9cran massif solide. Ce travail nous permet de proposer des alternatives int\u00e9ressantes aux murs anti-bruit usuels. En effet ces derniers qui sont le plus souvent des murs continus massifs ont un impact visuel n\u00e9gatif sur le paysage environnant, s\u2019opposent au passage de la lumi\u00e8re ambiante, ont une r\u00e9sistance tr\u00e8s importante aux flux d\u2019air et sont constitu\u00e9s de mat\u00e9riaux peu ou pas du tout bio-compatibles. On peut alors imaginer de nouveaux \u00e9crans acoustiques \u00e0 base de cristaux phononiques dans lesquels les inclusions seraient des arbres ou des poteaux v\u00e9g\u00e9talis\u00e9s et s\u2019int\u00e9grant parfaitement dans leur environnement\u2026 [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03789110v1\/file\/APate_2022_aacus210079.pdf\">ActaA_ 2022<\/a>]<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_70300\" style=\"width: 1040px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPIP.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70300\" class=\"wp-image-70300 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPIP-1030x592.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1030\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPIP-1030x592.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPIP-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPIP-768x441.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPIP-1536x882.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPIP-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPIP-1500x862.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPIP-705x405.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPIP.jpg 1746w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-70300\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(a) Acoustic screen consisting of a soundproofing crystal (triangular network of PVC pipes in air); (b) Theoretical and measured transmission coefficients through the acoustic screen; (c) Sound level measured in 3 cases: free propagation, rigid wall, acoustic screen; (d) Listening test (comparison by pairs): Participants' responses.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-av_toggle-8bf52edb281b1f55dca291de2a933eb3'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-2' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-2' class='toggler  av-title-above'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-2' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Cristaux phononiques piezo-\u00e9lectriques accordables\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Cristaux phononiques piezo-\u00e9lectriques accordables\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Cristaux phononiques piezo-\u00e9lectriques accordables\">Tunable piezoelectric phononic crystals<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-2' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-2' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Les CPs constitu\u00e9s partiellement ou totalement de mat\u00e9riaux pi\u00e9zo\u00e9lectriques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 envisag\u00e9s afin de tirer partie de leur couplage \u00e9lectrom\u00e9canique \u00e9lev\u00e9 dans le but \u00a0de contr\u00f4ler, par le biais d\u2019un stimulus \u00e9lectrique externe, la dispersion des ondes \u00e9lastiques et, par cons\u00e9quent, leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de propagation. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 en particulier qu\u2019un empilement de plaques ou de tiges pi\u00e9zo\u00e9lectriques s\u00e9par\u00e9es p\u00e9riodiquement par des \u00e9lectrodes minces pr\u00e9sente des bandes interdites qui d\u00e9pendent uniquement du type de conditions aux limites \u00e9lectriques (CLE) appliqu\u00e9es aux \u00e9lectrodes. En outre, en fonction des CLE, on obtient une accordabilit\u00e9, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire un d\u00e9calage et une modulation de la largeur des bandes d\u2019arr\u00eat (bande de Bragg \u00e0 charge \u00e9lectrique \u2013 ECBBG). Cette accordabilit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement d\u00e9montr\u00e9e exp\u00e9rimentalement [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-00995265v1\/document\">JAP_2014<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Ce concept a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tendu aux plaques contenant un r\u00e9seau p\u00e9riodique d\u2019\u00e9lectrodes, ce qui a donn\u00e9 naissance au concept de bande interdite \u00e9lectrique de Bragg (EBBG) [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-02316833v1\">IEEE_2018<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Afin d\u2019obtenir des composants SAW accordables bas\u00e9s sur la notion de bande interdite \u00e9lectrique de Bragg (EBBG), une preuve de concept a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en consid\u00e9rant un r\u00e9sonateur SAW depose sur un substrat LiNbO3. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 qu\u2019il est possible de d\u00e9placer la fr\u00e9quence de r\u00e9sonance principale du r\u00e9sonateur en modifiant les conditions \u00e9lectriques appliqu\u00e9s sur les \u00e9lectrodes constituant les miroirs de la cavit\u00e9 [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03675428v1\">APL_2022<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_68464\" style=\"width: 443px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricard.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-68464\" class=\"wp-image-68464\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricard-300x183.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"433\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricard-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricard-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricard-705x430.png 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricard.png 717w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-68464\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Description sch\u00e9matique du r\u00e9sonateur \u00e0 port unique constitu\u00e9 d\u2019un transducteur entre deux miroirs de Bragg.<\/p><\/div><br \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_68465\" style=\"width: 483px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricards2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-68465\" class=\"wp-image-68465\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricards2-300x285.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"473\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricards2-300x285.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricards2-768x730.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricards2-13x12.jpg 13w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricards2-705x670.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ricards2.jpg 887w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-68465\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spectres d\u2019amplitude S11 simul\u00e9s (vert) et mesur\u00e9s (noir) pour des r\u00e9sonateurs avec un nombre d\u2019\u00e9lectrodes en circuit ouvert (NOC) =0, 10, 30, 50 et 72.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-av_toggle-394d5ed3d2b09a306948e13e2abf09f1'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-3' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-3' class='toggler  av-title-above'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-3' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Cristaux phononiques piezo\u00e9lectriques modul\u00e9s en temps\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Cristaux phononiques piezo\u00e9lectriques modul\u00e9s en temps\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Cristaux phononiques piezo\u00e9lectriques modul\u00e9s en temps\">Time-modulated piezoelectric phononic crystals<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-3' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-3' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>More complex control of the band gaps can be achieved by considering time modulation of the electrical boundary conditions (ELCs). This type of modulation allows non-linear physical effects to be introduced into the CP and controlled. The interaction of an elastic wave with a spatially periodic, time-modulated structure can under certain conditions exhibit intermodulation effects analogous to the Brillouin scattering effect, a non-reciprocal transmission in a frequency range tuned by the modulation speed of the CLEs [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03299375\">APL_2017<\/a>] , un r\u00e9gime de fonctionnement \u00a0instable \u00e0 des vitesses de modulation subsonique et supersonique [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04285080v1\">APL_2023]<\/a>. La modulation spatio-temporelle des CLEs a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e exp\u00e9rimentalement dans un CP pi\u00e9zo\u00e9lectrique comportant un sous-ensemble p\u00e9riodique d\u2019\u00e9lectrodes mises \u00e0 la terre d\u00e9cal\u00e9es dans l\u2019espace \u00e0 vitesse constante [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04285080v1\">APL_2023]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_69055\" style=\"width: 1040px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CP.Piezo_reversed-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-69055\" class=\"wp-image-69055 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CP.Piezo_reversed-1-1030x272.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1030\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CP.Piezo_reversed-1-1030x272.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CP.Piezo_reversed-1-300x79.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CP.Piezo_reversed-1-768x203.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CP.Piezo_reversed-1-1536x406.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CP.Piezo_reversed-1-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CP.Piezo_reversed-1-1500x396.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CP.Piezo_reversed-1-705x186.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CP.Piezo_reversed-1.jpg 1625w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-69055\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure (1): (Left) Piezoelectric CP of spatial periodicity 'a' with earthed electrodes 'moving' at constant speed: (Right) Transmission coefficient at fundamental frequency as a function of fundamental frequency (f0) and earthed electrode moving speed (v). The light and dark grey solid lines show the apparent change in the frequency boundaries of the dispersion curves calculated for wavenumbers k=0 and k=\u03c0\/a, respectively. The Bragg band gap of the electric charge, which appears between 129 and 192 kHz at v=0, is shifted depending on the direction of the shift, which is a direct signature of the non-reciprocity effect.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-70292 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT1-1030x350.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT1-1030x350.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT1-300x102.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT1-768x261.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT1-1536x522.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT1-18x6.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT1-1500x510.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT1-705x240.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT1.jpg 1571w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_70294\" style=\"width: 1040px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT2-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70294\" class=\"wp-image-70294 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT2-1-1030x267.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1030\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT2-1-1030x267.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT2-1-300x78.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT2-1-768x199.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT2-1-1536x399.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT2-1-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT2-1-1500x389.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT2-1-705x183.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CPMT2-1.jpg 2022w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-70294\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure (2): Experimental implementation of time modulation<br \/>(a) View of the piezoelectric phononic crystal connected to its control electronics and to the multi-channel electric potential acquisition system. (b-e) Superposition of the calculated dispersion curves (thin coloured lines) and the spatio-temporal Fourier transforms of the measured electric potentials, for ground shifting speeds cm = 0, 400, 1600 and 3000 m\/s, respectively. Between (b) and (d), strong distortions of the dispersion curves appear (dissymmetries). (e) Sonic regime (cm \" c0 \u2261 longitudinal wave velocity in the stack =3100 m\/s) in which more complex hybridization effects come into play.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-av_toggle-fc6d89c9d7310b45ce5ef88cc6f43969'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-4' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-4' class='toggler  av-title-above'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-4' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"M\u00e9tamat\u00e9riaux hi\u00e9rarchiques bio-inspir\u00e9s\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: M\u00e9tamat\u00e9riaux hi\u00e9rarchiques bio-inspir\u00e9s\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: M\u00e9tamat\u00e9riaux hi\u00e9rarchiques bio-inspir\u00e9s\">M\u00e9tamat\u00e9riaux hi\u00e9rarchiques bio-inspir\u00e9s<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-4' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-4' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Ce th\u00e8me \u00a0de recherche se base sur l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que \u00ab le principe de fonctionnement des m\u00e9tamat\u00e9riaux est d\u00e9j\u00e0 exploit\u00e9 dans la nature, o\u00f9 il a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 des conceptions optimis\u00e9es et \u00e0 des fonctionnalit\u00e9s orient\u00e9es vers des objectifs pr\u00e9cis \u00bb. Ainsi, les structures (poreuses) hi\u00e9rarchiques typiques des diatom\u00e9es (voir images MEB ci-dessous ) permettent un contr\u00f4le non-conventionnel de la lumi\u00e8re et se comportent comme des m\u00e9tamat\u00e9riaux optiques.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-68374 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp-300x224.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp.jpg 694w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_68375\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BioInsp2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-68375\" class=\"wp-image-68375 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BioInsp2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BioInsp2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BioInsp2-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BioInsp2.jpg 693w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-68375\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Images SEM de cellules de diatom\u00e9es.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Dans ce contexte, l\u2019objectif principal de cette th\u00e9matique de recherche est d\u2019\u00e9tudier et de caract\u00e9riser m\u00e9caniquement et dynamiquement des syst\u00e8mes biologiques afin de concevoir des m\u00e9tamat\u00e9riaux \u00e9lastiques innovants. Ces m\u00e9tamat\u00e9riaux hi\u00e9rarchiques bio-inspir\u00e9s doivent permettre de r\u00e9aliser des dispositifs l\u00e9gers et compacts pour le contr\u00f4le de la propagation des ondes m\u00e9caniques dans les r\u00e9gimes infrasonores, sonore et ultrasonore [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03895821\">IJMS_2023<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-68376 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp3-300x134.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp3-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp3-1030x460.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp3-768x343.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp3-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp3-705x315.png 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp3.png 1472w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_68377\" style=\"width: 489px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-68377\" class=\"wp-image-68377\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp4-300x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"479\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp4-300x260.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp4-768x666.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp4-14x12.jpg 14w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp4-705x611.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bioInsp4.jpg 803w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-68377\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Haut) M\u00e9tamat\u00e9riau hi\u00e9rarchique non auto-similaire compos\u00e9 de 3 \u00d7 3 cellules unitaires. La surface en orange clair met en evidence une cellule unitaire. La hierarchie permet de contr\u00f4ler la propagation des ondes \u00e0 plusieurs \u00e9chelles de fr\u00e9quence en activant plusieurs m\u00e9canismes d\u2019ouverture de bandes interdites (diffusion de Bragg, r\u00e9sonance locale et amplification inertielle). (Bas) Diagramme de dispersion du m\u00e9tamat\u00e9riau \u00e9lastique hi\u00e9rarchique couvrant plusieurs \u00e9chelles de fr\u00e9quence et activant s\u00e9lectivement la d\u00e9formation de diff\u00e9rentes zones de la cellule unitaire (Voir cartographies de champ). L\u2019axe vertical du diagramme de dispersion a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle logarithmique et le diagramme est divis\u00e9 en (i) r\u00e9gions principalement propagatives (rectangles \u00ab blanc \u00bb) et (ii) r\u00e9gions principalement att\u00e9nuantes (rectangles \u00ab bleu clair \u00bb).<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-m17w5rny-42b2ac49c1a919ce56567d7fc4d7081a'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-5' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-5' class='toggler  av-title-above'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-5' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Protection topologique\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Protection topologique\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Protection topologique\">Protection topologique<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-5' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-5' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Topological protection makes it possible to achieve exceptional spatial control and localisation of different types of waves, in particular acoustic and elastic waves. However, such localisation usually requires significant symmetry changes over substantial parts of the structure under consideration. To overcome these constraints, we have proposed a new model inspired by the theory of \"fractional electronic charges\", making it possible to obtain topologically protected localised modes in periodic continuous elastic media by modifying only one unit cell. The simplicity and generality of this approach opens up new avenues in the design of devices for scattering-free and defect-insensitive wave propagation, object cloaking, unidirectional transmission, and improved energy transport and recovery, including [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03855370v1\/document\">Phys. Rev. Appl._2023<\/a>].<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_70283\" style=\"width: 1040px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70283\" class=\"wp-image-70283 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM1-1030x632.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1030\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM1-1030x632.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM1-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM1-768x471.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM1-1536x943.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM1-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM1-1500x920.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM1-705x433.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM1.jpg 1602w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-70283\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: (a) Schematic representation of a one-dimensional mass-spring chain. The unit cell, (light yellow rectangle), comprises two masses (green dots) and two springs of stiffness k (black) and \u03b4 (grey), respectively. A defective spring (in red) located in the chain is characterised by a stiffness modulated by the parameter \u03bb. (b) Three-dimensional representation of the experimental samples (for k &gt; \u03b4). The modulation of stiffness is obtained by progressively varying the radius rd of the central beam (colours ranging from white to dark blue) connecting its two adjacent masses. Ten stiffness modulations indicated by #1 to #10 are considered. (c) Measured frequency response functions (colour map) in the 0-11 kHz frequency range for the two classes of elastic chains (k &gt; \u03b4, left panel, and k &lt; \u03b4, right panel) for different values of \u03bb. In the first case, a spectral flow of the eighth mode from the lower to the upper band is observed. In the second case, no crossover is observed. The data at each \u03bb has been individually normalised with respect to its maximum value. The white squares represent the analytically calculated eigenmodes. The green arrows indicate the modes whose normalised displacement fields are shown in (d).<\/p><\/div>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_70284\" style=\"width: 1040px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70284\" class=\"wp-image-70284 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM2-1030x564.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1030\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM2-1030x564.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM2-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM2-768x420.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM2-1536x841.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM2-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM2-1500x821.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM2-705x386.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/MM2.jpg 1670w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-70284\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2: (a) 2D finite structure composed of a hexagonal network of masses, showing a line of defects along a trajectory L (shown in light blue). The black arrow indicates the excitation point, where an out-of-plane displacement has been imposed. Numerical reconstructions of the wave field showing how the localised mode propagates to the right, crossing the bend in the middle of the plate. The time snapshots show the out-of-plane displacement before the wave approaches [t = 0.1 s; (b) ], crosses [t = 0.19 s; (c)] and crosses [t = 0.25 s; (d)] the bend. The colours, ranging from blue to red, correspond to the normalised out-of-plane displacement w\/wmax of the plate.<\/p><\/div>Furthermore, by considering a simple model of atomic chains of the mass-spring type analogous to the usual Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model in which the elementary cell contains 3 atoms of identical masses coupled together by different stiffness constants, conditions for the existence of modes that can propagate along the chain in one direction but not in the other were obtained analytically as a function of these stiffness constants [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04544219\">Crystals_2024<\/a>].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1nt2gkc-930cdd20505ffc9a59b97b203f63bb5b\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-1nt2gkc-930cdd20505ffc9a59b97b203f63bb5b{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-1-2' class='av-layout-tab av-1nt2gkc-930cdd20505ffc9a59b97b203f63bb5b av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  el_before_av_tab_sub_section' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"acoustique-sous-marine\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lyn3k50u-5422aa134c998073ea98b061f833fe2b'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Nos activit\u00e9s de recherche en acoustique sous-marine sont ax\u00e9es sur la discr\u00e9tion acoustique et la furtivit\u00e9 des navires. Elles s\u2019appuient sur un large spectre d\u2019expertise : outils de simulation num\u00e9rique, conception, fabrication technologique et caract\u00e9risations exp\u00e9rimentales.<\/p>\n<p>Des panneaux structur\u00e9s int\u00e9grant des CPs et des MMs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9s en tant que rev\u00eatements acoustiques pour des applications aux syst\u00e8mes sous-marins, en particulier pour la r\u00e9duction du bruit rayonn\u00e9 dans l\u2019eau. De nouveaux concepts de panneaux acoustiques avec diff\u00e9rents r\u00e9seaux de macro-inclusions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 simul\u00e9s, fabriqu\u00e9s et test\u00e9s dans le bassin d\u2019essais de l\u2019IEMN-ISEN [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03299399v1\">CRM_2015<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr\/LIBRE\/EDENGSYS\/2021\/2021LILUN015.pdf\">ROUX_2021<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bASSINSiMAFGES.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-68384\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bASSINSiMAFGES.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"633\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bASSINSiMAFGES.jpg 493w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bASSINSiMAFGES-300x105.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bASSINSiMAFGES-18x6.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 633px) 100vw, 633px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-m10pluhn-d6b6d542dcd6426dd425db5e87772548  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-12eh4ak-056cc894437c1a21350f8d8f29679b92'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-6' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-6' class='toggler  av-title-above'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-6' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Un outil de caract\u00e9risation innovant : la \u201cm\u00e9thode 3 points\u201d\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Un outil de caract\u00e9risation innovant : la \u201cm\u00e9thode 3 points\u201d\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Un outil de caract\u00e9risation innovant : la \u201cm\u00e9thode 3 points\u201d\">Un outil de caract\u00e9risation innovant : la \u201cm\u00e9thode 3 points\u201d<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-6' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-6' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Ces panneaux peuvent \u00eatre caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s dans un bassin d\u2019essais en consid\u00e9rant une configuration de mesure conventionnelle consistant en un panneau, une source acoustique et deux hydrophones plac\u00e9s de part et d\u2019autre du panneau. Cependant, ces mesures peuvent \u00eatre rendues compliqu\u00e9es par les ondes diffract\u00e9es par les bords du panneau. La m\u00e9thode des trois points d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e au laboratoire est une technique qui d\u00e9compose le champ de pression totale en 4 contributions : incidente, r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie, transmise et diffract\u00e9e par les bords. Ces contributions sont d\u00e9termin\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aide de mesures effectu\u00e9es en trois points. Les coefficients de r\u00e9flexion et de transmission peuvent ensuite \u00eatre obtenus en supprimant la contribution des ondes diffract\u00e9es par les bords [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03019826v1\">JASA_2020<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3pointsMethod.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-68385 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3pointsMethod-300x210.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"428\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3pointsMethod-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3pointsMethod-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3pointsMethod.png 466w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-p080ak-91effbf05c9289dd35219ba3846b5e92'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-7' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-7' class='toggler  av-title-above'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-7' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Utilisation d\u2018outils d\u2019optimisation pour la conception d\u2019un rev\u00eatement efficace\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Utilisation d\u2018outils d\u2019optimisation pour la conception d\u2019un rev\u00eatement efficace\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Utilisation d\u2018outils d\u2019optimisation pour la conception d\u2019un rev\u00eatement efficace\">Utilisation d\u2018outils d\u2019optimisation pour la conception d\u2019un rev\u00eatement efficace<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-7' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-7' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Acoustic stealth, or anechooism, is the ability of a system not to return (backscatter) an echo when subjected to an incident acoustic wave. This is an essential function for military submarines, enabling them to escape detection by enemy active sonar systems. To enhance their stealth, submarine hulls are usually covered with absorbent materials.<\/p>\n<p>Although significant absorptions can be achieved using simple viscoelastic materials, higher performance can be achieved by exploiting the metamaterial concept, i.e. by adding artificial structuring on a subwavelength scale. Since many structuring geometries can be envisaged, the design of optimised anechoic metamaterials is greatly facilitated by the use of a metaheuristic, such as a genetic algorithm.<\/p>\n<p>As this type of optimisation method requires the performance of a very large number of distinct geometries to be evaluated, we have developed a step-by-step procedure to limit calculation times. Firstly, a range of periodic structures are simulated using the finite element method and effective material parameters are extracted from these simulations. This creates a 'database' of elementary structures (see Figure 1). In a second stage, the acoustic properties of multi-layer coatings based on assemblies of these different structures are calculated, using an analytical model of the transfer matrix type. As this second stage is very rapid, it can be repeated for all the configurations considered by the genetic algorithm [<a href=\"https:\/\/pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr\/LIBRE\/EDENGSYS\/2021\/2021LILUN015.pdf\">JAP_2020<\/a>]..<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_70255\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_71-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70255\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-70255\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_71-1-300x199.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_71-1-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_71-1-1030x683.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_71-1-768x509.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_71-1-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_71-1-705x468.png 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_71-1.png 1419w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-70255\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: Schematic representation of the steps in the optimisation procedure for structured multilayer coatings.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The performance factors considered for optimisation are the mean value and standard deviation of the anechoic coefficient <em>C<sub>A <\/sub><\/em>over the frequency range of interest. Minimising these two parameters corresponds to an increase in stealth. Figure 2 shows an example of the results obtained for this multi-criteria optimisation. Each point represents a configuration evaluated during the operation of the genetic algorithm. As the generations progress (shown in colour), we can see that performance tends to improve (progressing to the left and downwards). The grey squares indicate the set of best solutions found in the last generation, known as the \"Pareto front\". If we look at the different configurations included in this front, we can see some marked trends. For example, the two inserts on the right of Figure 2 show 10 configurations with high standard deviation and low mean value (top right, with each multi-layer represented by a 10-element line), and 10 configurations with low standard deviation and high mean value (bottom right). In these representations, the layer in contact with the water is on the left, and the layer in contact with the hull is on the right. It can be seen that the low mean value configurations are very close to gradient property systems, with the size of the inclusions increasing almost monotonically in the thickness of the multilayer [<a href=\"https:\/\/pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr\/LIBRE\/EDENGSYS\/2021\/2021LILUN015.pdf\">ROUX_2021<\/a>].<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_70256\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_712.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70256\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-70256\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_712-300x173.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_712-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_712-1030x595.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_712-768x444.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_712-1536x887.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_712-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_712-1500x866.png 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/These_Lroux_Figure_712-705x407.png 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-70256\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2: Results of the optimisation procedure: (left) performance of the configurations tested and Pareto front; (right) selection of configurations minimising one of the two chosen parameters (mean value at top and standard deviation at bottom).<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theses.hal.science\/tel-03626959\">Link to Laetitia Roux's thesis.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-m10plspv-df79d82ab2857b94376a7e601f426740'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-8' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-8' class='toggler  av-title-above'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-8' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"\u00c9tude et d\u00e9veloppement de solutions pour la discr\u00e9tion et\/ou la furtivit\u00e9\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: \u00c9tude et d\u00e9veloppement de solutions pour la discr\u00e9tion et\/ou la furtivit\u00e9\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: \u00c9tude et d\u00e9veloppement de solutions pour la discr\u00e9tion et\/ou la furtivit\u00e9\">\u00c9tude et d\u00e9veloppement de solutions pour la discr\u00e9tion et\/ou la furtivit\u00e9<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-8' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-8' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In the field of underwater acoustic discretion and stealth, a particular problem is linked to noise radiation or acoustic diffraction from periodically stiffened metal structures. The aim is to significantly reduce the pressure maxima (represented by the red spots on the map on the left, below) resulting from the periodicity of the stiffeners and associated with Bragg diffraction and Bloch-Floquet wave radiation. During the ANR Astrid RAMSES project (2017-2021), T-shaped stiffeners were modified to blur the pattern associated with acoustic diffraction.  Then the ANR Astrid CLEOPATRE project (2022-2024) aimed to capitalise on previous developments to design more realistic geometries and propose solutions that do not impact naval architecture but focus on surface treatment [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-01928211v1\">JASA_2018<\/a>] .<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_70771\" style=\"width: 484px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ASM.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70771\" class=\"wp-image-70771 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ASM.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"474\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ASM.jpg 474w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ASM-280x300.jpg 280w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ASM-11x12.jpg 11w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-70771\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(a) Plate with a specific distribution of stiffeners, obtained by optimisation, allowing the acoustic signature of the structure to be blurred; experimental diagrams of acoustic discretion for the reference plate with identical stiffeners (b) and the optimised plate with a specific distribution of stiffeners (c).<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1cnufzw-457d628efe2334d3628f4d99733a335d\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-1cnufzw-457d628efe2334d3628f4d99733a335d{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-1-3' class='av-layout-tab av-1cnufzw-457d628efe2334d3628f4d99733a335d av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  el_before_av_tab_sub_section' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"3\" data-tab-section-id=\"sonification-et-perception-multimodale\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><p><div  class='togglecontainer av-m0uoon93-921f02a62e4d434b2b20d090f1bf7bbb  avia-builder-el-14  el_before_av_content_slider  avia-builder-el-first  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-1ax5hzw-d0615836241a5d45bf5191f81f608b5a'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-9' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-9' class='toggler  av-title-above'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-9' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Sonification et vibrification\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Sonification et vibrification\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Sonification et vibrification\">Sonification et vibrification<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-9' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-9' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Les \u201cauditory displays\u201d (ou \u201csonifications\u201d) visent \u00e0 repr\u00e9senter les donn\u00e9es via la modalit\u00e9 perceptive auditive : \u00e9couter les donn\u00e9es (plut\u00f4t que les regarder) a le potentiel de r\u00e9v\u00e9ler certains aspects qui resteraient ind\u00e9tectables par inspection visuelle (ou par les algorithmes bas\u00e9s sur une approche visuelle), et promet de nouvelles approches et interpr\u00e9tations des donn\u00e9es. Notre approche de la sonification est de 1) d\u00e9velopper des m\u00e9thodes de sonification centr\u00e9es sur les utilisateur\u00b7ices (couplage syst\u00e9matique avec des \u00e9valuations par les utilisateur\u00b7ices, co-conception et co-d\u00e9veloppement avec les utilisateur\u00b7ices), et 2) inclure les techniques de spatialisation sonore ainsi que de visualisation et de vibrification \u00e0 la conception des sonifications, dans le but de profiter des performances humaines en situation de perception augment\u00e9e dans des contextes de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 augment\u00e9e et virtuelle [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-01522831v1\">JASA_2017<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03430074v1\">JMUI_2021<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03408638v1\">CMJ_2021<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibra.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-68396 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibra-300x218.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibra-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibra-768x559.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibra-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibra-705x513.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibra.jpg 875w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Les \u201cAuditory displays\u201d peuvent \u00eatre ainsi et notamment \u00e9tendus aux \u201cVibrotactile displays\u201d, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019on peut chercher \u00e0 repr\u00e9senter les donn\u00e9es par des vibrations appliqu\u00e9es sur la peau. En prenant en compte les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de notre perception vibrotactile, il est possible de communiquer plusieurs canaux d\u2019information sur plusieurs endroits du corps, avec ou sans utilisation concurrente des modalit\u00e9s visuelle et auditive. Nos activit\u00e9s de recherche dans ce domaine de la vibrification sont appliqu\u00e9es au contr\u00f4le des nouveaux instruments de musique num\u00e9riques ou acoustiques (par exemple le projet ANR Staccato) et \u00e0 la conversion entre musique et vibration pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience musicale des Sourds (projet TOTEM Fondation de France, Fondation Malakoff Humanis, Interreg) [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03761343\">HAID1_2022<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03761329\">HAID2_2022<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04115270v1\">IEEETH_2023<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vibra2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-68397 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vibra2-281x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vibra2-281x300.jpg 281w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vibra2-11x12.jpg 11w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vibra2-660x705.jpg 660w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vibra2.jpg 757w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibri1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-68398 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibri1-255x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"255\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibri1-255x300.jpg 255w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibri1-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vibri1.jpg 476w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-ri2bh8-a7508a476e2792085ce15719d6122d0a'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-10' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-10' class='toggler  av-title-above'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-10' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Perception sonore et multimodale\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Perception sonore et multimodale\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Perception sonore et multimodale\">Perception sonore et multimodale<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-10' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-10' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Ce sujet est au carrefour entre l\u2019acoustique, la psychologie et la linguistique. Nous poursuivons les objectifs suivants : a) int\u00e9grer au champ disciplinaire de la perception sonore les r\u00e9sultats r\u00e9cents montrant que la perception en contexte \u201c\u00e9cologique\u201d est par essence multimodale et implique plusieurs modalit\u00e9s\u00a0 sensorielles qui int\u00e9ragissent d\u2019une mani\u00e8re complexe, b) aller au-del\u00e0 des exp\u00e9riences de perception restreints \u00e0 la seule modalit\u00e9 auditive en laboratoire, o\u00f9 les participant\u00b7es sont plac\u00e9\u00b7es dans une situation non-r\u00e9aliste et artificielle.<br \/>\nEn cons\u00e9quence, nos recherches cherchent \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir comment l\u2019humain per\u00e7oit et interpr\u00e8te le son dans un contexte multimodal (en \u00e9tudiant notamment les interactions entre les aspects sonore et vibrotactile, parfois m\u00eame les stimulations gustatives), avec un int\u00e9r\u00eat particulier pour les approches exp\u00e9rimentales \u201c\u00e9cologiquement valides\u201d, o\u00f9 les participant\u00b7es interagissent avec leur environnement \u201cd\u2019une mani\u00e8re habituelle\u201d. Parmi les m\u00e9thodes exp\u00e9rimentales privil\u00e9gi\u00e9es figurent la t\u00e2che de verbalisation libre, o\u00f9 les participant\u00b7es parlent librement de leur ressenti\/exp\u00e9rience, et la t\u00e2che de tri libre, o\u00f9 les participant\u00b7es cat\u00e9gorisent librement des stimuli.<\/p>\n<p>Cette direction de recherche trouve des applications en acoustique musicale (par exemple la perception auditive et vibrotactile que la\u00b7le guitariste a de son instrument) et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de vibrotactile dans un contexte de communication (afin de comprendre comment les participant\u00b7es peuvent \u00eatre ou non r\u00e9ceptif\u00b7ves aux messages vibrotactiles) [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03423189\">DUB_2021<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.sorbonne-universite.fr\/hal-03536646\">ActaA2_2022<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-01565228v\">ActaA_2017<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-01461735v1\">ActaA_2015<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03561433v1\">FQP_2022<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Bouquin.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-68399 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Bouquin-203x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Bouquin-203x300.png 203w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Bouquin-8x12.png 8w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Bouquin.png 342w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 203px) 100vw, 203px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Guit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-68400 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Guit-300x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Guit-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Guit-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Guit.jpg 663w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Guit2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-68401 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Guit2-300x136.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Guit2-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Guit2-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Guit2.png 637w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-content-slider-element-container av-m164lpby-99806c6905ca7ca504a998ae6a35ab8a avia-content-slider-element-slider avia-content-slider avia-smallarrow-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider-odd  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_toggle_container  avia-builder-el-last  av-slideshow-ui av-control-default av-nav-arrows-visible av-nav-dots-visible av-no-slider-navigation av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless avia-content-slider1' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:false,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:30}\"><div class='avia-smallarrow-slider-heading  no-content-slider-heading'><div class='new-special-heading'>&nbsp;<\/div><\/div><div class=\"avia-content-slider-inner\"><div class=\"slide-entry-wrap\"><section class='slide-entry av-m164lo8u-b40cb264f8e5e2a1bdb6e776269cf08f flex_column av_fullwidth post-entry slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  first'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" >Slide 1<\/h3><div class='slide-entry-excerpt entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-18-143340.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-68768 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-18-143340-300x166.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-18-143340-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-18-143340-1030x572.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-18-143340-768x426.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-18-143340-1536x852.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-18-143340-2048x1137.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-18-143340-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-18-143340-1500x832.png 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-18-143340-705x391.png 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_135913-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-68770 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_135913-300x139.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_135913-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_135913-1030x476.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_135913-768x355.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_135913-1536x710.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_135913-2048x946.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_135913-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_135913-1500x693.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_135913-705x326.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140028-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-68771 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140028-300x139.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140028-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140028-1030x476.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140028-768x355.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140028-1536x710.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140028-2048x946.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140028-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140028-1500x693.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140028-705x326.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140342-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-68772 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140342-300x139.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140342-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140342-1030x476.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140342-768x355.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140342-1536x710.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140342-2048x946.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140342-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140342-1500x693.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240718_140342-705x326.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-pb23i4-f3aa9de58bb5b7dc508c855aa42872b6\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-pb23i4-f3aa9de58bb5b7dc508c855aa42872b6{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-1-4' class='av-layout-tab av-pb23i4-f3aa9de58bb5b7dc508c855aa42872b6 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"4\" data-tab-section-id=\"algorithmique-quantique\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lyn42hos-194136ecd3d0081d960d88889c2717c2'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Ce travail de recherche se focalise sur l\u2019adaptation des m\u00e9thodes de r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes dits NP-Difficiles (i.e. des probl\u00e8mes qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas possible de r\u00e9soudre \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un algorithme polynomial, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire un algorithme dont le temps de r\u00e9solution cro\u00eet de fa\u00e7on polynomiale en fonction de la taille du probl\u00e8me) par des machines quantiques.<\/p>\n<p>Nous avons \u00e9labor\u00e9 de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes de r\u00e9solution de ces probl\u00e8mes, notamment des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019optimisation, qui se fondent sur les caract\u00e9ristiques des machines quantiques analogiques telles que celles construites par les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s D-Wave et Pasqal. Ces travaux ont conduit \u00e0 une premi\u00e8re collaboration avec la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Pasqal depuis juin 2023, entreprise qui occupe une place centrale dans le plan national quantique.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 court terme, le d\u00e9veloppement de ces machines devrait permettre de traiter des instances de plus grande taille pour les probl\u00e8mes d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9tudi\u00e9s, ainsi que de nouveaux probl\u00e8mes plus complexes. \u00c0 plus long terme, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019exp\u00e9rience acquise et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de machines quantiques se rapprochant de plus en plus de l\u2019ordinateur quantique, ces travaux pourraient s\u2019\u00e9tendre \u00e0 la mod\u00e9lisation de ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes physiques et en particulier \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes m\u00e9caniques \u00e0 variables continues r\u00e9elles ou complexes.<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_68403\" style=\"width: 526px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/embedding.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-68403\" class=\"wp-image-68403\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/embedding-300x289.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"516\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/embedding-300x289.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/embedding-768x739.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/embedding-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/embedding-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/embedding-705x678.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/embedding.jpg 876w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-68403\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mapping d\u2019une instance du probl\u00e8me \u00ab\u00a0Maximum Independent Set\u00a0\u00bb sur le graphe des qubits de deux topologies diff\u00e9rentes [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04172858\">LNCS1_2023<\/a>].<\/p><\/div>Plusieurs probl\u00e8mes de la Recherche Op\u00e9rationnelle et de l\u2019Optimisation Combinatoire peuvent d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00eatre r\u00e9solus gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces machines, comme c\u2019est le cas pour le RCPSP [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04659116\">Sci. Repo., 2024<\/a>].<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_69332\" style=\"width: 689px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/RCPSP.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-69332\" class=\"wp-image-69332\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/RCPSP-300x163.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"679\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/RCPSP-300x163.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/RCPSP-1030x561.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/RCPSP-768x419.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/RCPSP-1536x837.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/RCPSP-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/RCPSP-1500x817.png 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/RCPSP-705x384.png 705w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/RCPSP.png 1934w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 679px) 100vw, 679px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-69332\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ce travail a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 une dizaine de formulations du RCPSP en mod\u00e8le pour ordinateurs classiques, afin de s\u00e9lectionner la meilleure candidate \u00e0 la re-formulation en QUBO, dans le but d\u2019obtenir une entr\u00e9e plus adapt\u00e9e au hardware de ces machines quantiques. Une \u00e9tude sur les param\u00e8tres li\u00e9s aux diff\u00e9rents temps utilis\u00e9s dans le processus d\u2019annealing a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e [<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04659116\">Sci. Repo., 2024<\/a>].<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":16659,"menu_order":25,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-28028","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28028","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28028"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28028\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28028"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}