{"id":26023,"date":"2018-10-12T14:15:20","date_gmt":"2018-10-12T12:15:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/?page_id=26023"},"modified":"2019-02-11T17:38:49","modified_gmt":"2019-02-11T15:38:49","slug":"study-nanostructures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/la-recherche\/les-groupes\/silphyde\/research\/study-nanostructures","title":{"rendered":"Study of ferroelectric nanostructures"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='layer_slider_1'  class='avia-layerslider main_color avia-shadow  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_submenu  avia-builder-el-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  style='height: 261px;'  ><div id=\"layerslider_45_7zwlbcjg508q\" data-ls-slug=\"homepageslider\" class=\"ls-wp-container fitvidsignore ls-selectable\" style=\"width:1140px;height:260px;margin:0 auto;margin-bottom: 0px;\"><div class=\"ls-slide\" data-ls=\"bgposition:50% 50%;duration:6000;transition2d:5;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2600\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde-1.jpg\" class=\"ls-bg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde-1.jpg 2600w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde-1-300x31.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde-1-768x80.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde-1-1030x107.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde-1-1500x156.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde-1-705x73.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2600px) 100vw, 2600px\" \/><ls-layer style=\"font-size:14px;text-align:left;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-transform:none;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0px;background-position:0% 0%;background-repeat:no-repeat;mix-blend-mode:normal;top:231px;left:0px;height:30px;width:360px;line-height:32px;color:#ffffff;border-radius:6px 6px 6px 6px;padding-left:50px;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.57);\" class=\"ls-l ls-ib-icon ls-text-layer\" data-ls=\"minfontsize:0;minmobilefontsize:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-user-circle\" style=\"color:#f2f2f2;margin-right:0.8em;font-size:1em;transform:translateY( -0.125em );\"><\/i>GROUPE DE RECHERCHE : SILPHYDE<\/ls-layer><\/div><div class=\"ls-slide\" data-ls=\"bgposition:50% 50%;duration:6000;transition2d:5;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2600\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde1.jpg\" class=\"ls-bg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde1.jpg 2600w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde1-300x31.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde1-768x80.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde1-1030x107.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde1-1500x156.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde1-705x73.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2600px) 100vw, 2600px\" \/><ls-layer style=\"font-size:14px;text-align:left;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-transform:none;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0px;background-position:0% 0%;background-repeat:no-repeat;mix-blend-mode:normal;top:231px;left:0px;height:30px;width:360px;line-height:32px;color:#ffffff;border-radius:6px 6px 6px 6px;padding-left:50px;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.57);\" class=\"ls-l ls-ib-icon ls-text-layer\" data-ls=\"minfontsize:0;minmobilefontsize:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-user-circle\" style=\"color:#f2f2f2;margin-right:0.8em;font-size:1em;transform:translateY( -0.125em );\"><\/i>GROUPE DE RECHERCHE : SILPHYDE<\/ls-layer><\/div><div class=\"ls-slide\" data-ls=\"bgposition:50% 50%;duration:6000;transition2d:5;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2600\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde2.jpg\" class=\"ls-bg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde2.jpg 2600w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde2-300x31.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde2-768x80.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde2-1030x107.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde2-1500x156.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sliders_groupe_silphyde2-705x73.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2600px) 100vw, 2600px\" \/><ls-layer style=\"font-size:14px;text-align:left;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-transform:none;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0px;background-position:0% 0%;background-repeat:no-repeat;mix-blend-mode:normal;top:231px;left:0px;height:30px;width:360px;line-height:32px;color:#ffffff;border-radius:6px 6px 6px 6px;padding-left:50px;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.57);\" class=\"ls-l ls-ib-icon ls-text-layer\" data-ls=\"minfontsize:0;minmobilefontsize:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-user-circle\" style=\"color:#f2f2f2;margin-right:0.8em;font-size:1em;transform:translateY( -0.125em );\"><\/i>GROUPE DE RECHERCHE : SILPHYDE<\/ls-layer><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div id='sub_menu1'  class='av-submenu-container av-jrqfadqy-807d5a51dd3616f0d00a06e9b2d077f0 footer_color  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_layerslider  el_before_av_heading  submenu-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right' style='z-index:301' ><div class='container av-menu-mobile-disabled av-submenu-pos-left'><ul id='av-custom-submenu-1' class='av-subnav-menu' role='menu'>\n<li class='menu-item av-av_submenu_item-8cfdaa9ad07fd6a0ccb509a50dffc6f6 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-1' role='menuitem'><a href='https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/?page_id=25957'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-av_submenu_item-b4f170efd399a2be0e3448b0ed0e8486 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-2' role='menuitem'><a href='https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/la-recherche\/les-groupes\/silphyde\/members'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Members<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-av_submenu_item-8e1a366b5289a4655e340360bb600c95 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-3' role='menuitem'><a href='https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/la-recherche\/les-groupes\/silphyde\/research'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Research<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-kbk05k-5c5944fac313107f26dddee0ba9e2d5b menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-4' role='menuitem'><a href='https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/la-recherche\/les-groupes'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Other groups<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><div id='after_submenu_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-26023'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-f3f05b49d7709b3cfe6a631bf6f8a438\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-f3f05b49d7709b3cfe6a631bf6f8a438{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-f3f05b49d7709b3cfe6a631bf6f8a438 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-f3f05b49d7709b3cfe6a631bf6f8a438 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-f3f05b49d7709b3cfe6a631bf6f8a438 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_submenu  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Study of ferroelectric nanostructures<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jn5zauob-831cfd23848a00156eaf4bcbba23d6ce'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>An important part of our activity has been devoted to the study of small size ferroelectric systems.<\/p>\n<p>Work on this topic has been carried out in collaboration with teams from Amiens University, Cambridge, Rostov on Don, and Argonne National Lab<\/p>\n<p>Device applications mainly concern memory storage devices for which reduction of energy operating costs and improvement of storage capacity are highly desirable and actively sought.<\/p>\n<p>Device operation crucially relies on the properties of electric polarization. The key point is that, in thin films and nanostructures, polarization behavior may strongly differ from that in bulk materials.<\/p>\n<h4>Striking results :<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>We demonstrated the existence of non conventional switching mechanisms in some ferroelectric systems<\/li>\n<li>We proposed multibit memory cells based on multiaxial ferroelectric thin film under certain temperature and strain conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>New polarization switching mechanisms<\/h4>\n<p>We paid particular attention to polarization switching mechanisms.<\/p>\n<p>We have demonstrated the existence of different homogeneous switching regimes in strained thin ferroelectric films. In addition to the conventional longitudinal switching mechanism (for which polarization vector always keeps the same direction), other mechanisms involving the rotation of polarization are also possible.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_26027\" style=\"width: 474px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde08_new_polarisation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26027\" class=\"wp-image-26027 size-full\" title=\"In strained thin films, one may observe non-classical behaviors, labeled as: longitudinal-transversal (lt) transversal (t) Laurent Baudry, Igor A. Luk&#039;yanchuk, and Anna Razumnaya, Phys. Rev. B 91, 144110 (2015) https:\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.91.144110\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde08_new_polarisation.png\" alt=\"In strained thin films, one may observe non-classical behaviors, labeled as: longitudinal-transversal (lt) transversal (t) Laurent Baudry, Igor A. Luk&#039;yanchuk, and Anna Razumnaya, Phys. Rev. B 91, 144110 (2015) https:\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.91.144110\" width=\"464\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde08_new_polarisation.png 464w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde08_new_polarisation-300x198.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-26027\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">In strained thin films, one may observe non-classical behaviors, labeled as: longitudinal-transversal (lt) transversal (t) Laurent Baudry, Igor A. Luk\u2019yanchuk, and Anna Razumnaya, Phys. Rev. B 91, 144110 (2015) https:\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.91.144110<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_26029\" style=\"width: 291px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde09_new_polarisation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26029\" class=\"wp-image-26029 size-full\" title=\"Different polarization reversal mechanisms are illustrated below and corresponding current signatures are shown in right panel.\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde09_new_polarisation.png\" alt=\"Different polarization reversal mechanisms are illustrated below and corresponding current signatures are shown in right panel.\" width=\"281\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde09_new_polarisation.png 281w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde09_new_polarisation-147x300.png 147w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-26029\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Different polarization reversal mechanisms are illustrated below and corresponding current signatures are shown in right panel.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Towards Multibit Ferroelectric Memory Cells<\/h4>\n<p>We have investigated the polarization-field dependence in ultrathin films and found behaviors very different from the classical hysteresis loop, with two opposite polarization states at zero field, which constitutes the basic cell of existing ferroelectric memory. We have demonstrated that by means of misfit strain and\/or temperature, one can tune the shape of the polarization response to the electric field and induce exotic sequences of multistable states. That should enable to design ternary or quaternary memory cells. Such multilevel cells can be realized using ultrathin films of ferroelectric oxides such as the prototypical PbTiO3, which appears promising for room temperature operations.<\/p>\n<p>Multistable polarization states in the ferroelectric film.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_26034\" style=\"width: 585px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde10_multistable_polarization.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26034\" class=\"wp-image-26034\" title=\"(A) Sketch of the experimental setup. The ferroelectric cell (orange) is grown on the substrate (blue) and is sandwiched between the two electrodes (green). The electric field produced by the voltage operates the polarization orientation. (B) and (C) The c-phase possessing two stable states, c+ and c\u2212 of polarization vector, P. (D) to (F) aa-phase : one stable state, a, and two metastable states, c+ and c\u2212 . (G) to (J) r phase: two stable states, r+ and r\u2212, and two metastable states, c+ and c\u2212 . The lower sub-panels display the positions of the corresponding polarization states in the minima of the energy relief (yellow spheres) and the respective logical quantum (loq)-numbers. Laurent Baudry, Igor Lukyanchuk, &amp; Valerii M. Vinokur, Scientific Reports 7, 42196 (2017) (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep42196)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde10_multistable_polarization.jpg\" alt=\"(A) Sketch of the experimental setup. The ferroelectric cell (orange) is grown on the substrate (blue) and is sandwiched between the two electrodes (green). The electric field produced by the voltage operates the polarization orientation. (B) and (C) The c-phase possessing two stable states, c+ and c\u2212 of polarization vector, P. (D) to (F) aa-phase : one stable state, a, and two metastable states, c+ and c\u2212 . (G) to (J) r phase: two stable states, r+ and r\u2212, and two metastable states, c+ and c\u2212 . The lower sub-panels display the positions of the corresponding polarization states in the minima of the energy relief (yellow spheres) and the respective logical quantum (loq)-numbers. Laurent Baudry, Igor Lukyanchuk, &amp; Valerii M. Vinokur, Scientific Reports 7, 42196 (2017) (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep42196)\" width=\"575\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde10_multistable_polarization.jpg 926w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde10_multistable_polarization-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde10_multistable_polarization-768x547.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde10_multistable_polarization-260x185.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde10_multistable_polarization-705x502.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-26034\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(A) Sketch of the experimental setup. The ferroelectric cell (orange) is grown on the substrate (blue) and is sandwiched between the two electrodes (green). The electric field produced by the voltage operates the polarization orientation. (B) and (C) The c-phase possessing two stable states, c+ and c\u2212 of polarization vector, P. (D) to (F) aa-phase : one stable state, a, and two metastable states, c+ and c\u2212 . (G) to (J) r phase: two stable states, r+ and r\u2212, and two metastable states, c+ and c\u2212 . The lower sub-panels display the positions of the corresponding polarization states in the minima of the energy relief (yellow spheres) and the respective logical quantum (loq)-numbers. Laurent Baudry, Igor Lukyanchuk, &amp; Valerii M. Vinokur, Scientific Reports 7, 42196 (2017) (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep42196)<\/p><\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Polarization-field dependence tuned by Temperature and Misfit strain in Lead Titanate thin films multilevel memory cells at room temperature<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_26037\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde11_polarization_field.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26037\" class=\"wp-image-26037\" title=\"Misfit strain\u2013temperature phase diagram of multibit switching regimes in PbTiO3 Ferroelectric Multibit Cell. The domains corresponding to different switching regimes are shown as color sectors. The insets display calculated topologically different 4-states hysteresis loops that are realized at room temperature (the room temperature is marked by the dashed yellow line).\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde11_polarization_field.jpg\" alt=\"Misfit strain\u2013temperature phase diagram of multibit switching regimes in PbTiO3 Ferroelectric Multibit Cell. The domains corresponding to different switching regimes are shown as color sectors. The insets display calculated topologically different 4-states hysteresis loops that are realized at room temperature (the room temperature is marked by the dashed yellow line).\" width=\"640\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde11_polarization_field.jpg 926w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde11_polarization_field-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde11_polarization_field-768x518.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde11_polarization_field-705x476.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-26037\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Misfit strain\u2013temperature phase diagram of multibit switching regimes in PbTiO3 Ferroelectric Multibit Cell. The domains corresponding to different switching regimes are shown as color sectors. The insets display calculated topologically different 4-states hysteresis loops that are realized at room temperature (the room temperature is marked by the dashed yellow line).<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_26039\" style=\"width: 585px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde12_topoligically.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26039\" class=\"wp-image-26039\" title=\"Topologically different multibit hysteresis loops. The number of the panels indicate the region of the phase diagram shown above. The maps of the switching logical operations are shown in the right bottom corners of the respective panels. Laurent Baudry, Igor Lukyanchuk, &amp; Valerii M. Vinokur, Scientific Reports 7, 42196 (2017) (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep42196)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde12_topoligically.jpg\" alt=\"Topologically different multibit hysteresis loops. The number of the panels indicate the region of the phase diagram shown above. The maps of the switching logical operations are shown in the right bottom corners of the respective panels. Laurent Baudry, Igor Lukyanchuk, &amp; Valerii M. Vinokur, Scientific Reports 7, 42196 (2017) (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep42196)\" width=\"575\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde12_topoligically.jpg 926w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde12_topoligically-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde12_topoligically-768x540.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/silphyde12_topoligically-705x496.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-26039\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Topologically different multibit hysteresis loops. The number of the panels indicate the region of the phase diagram shown above. The maps of the switching logical operations are shown in the right bottom corners of the respective panels. Laurent Baudry, Igor Lukyanchuk, &amp; Valerii M. Vinokur, Scientific Reports 7, 42196 (2017) (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep42196)<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='av_promobox av-js09a3uo-95c6a6ac9fb24e9e4d24e2dec1561c1b avia-button-no'><div class='avia-promocontent'><p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-w73dns-418873852a2a8329b913b5be35537f92\">\n.av_font_icon.av-w73dns-418873852a2a8329b913b5be35537f92 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:25px;\nline-height:25px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-w73dns-418873852a2a8329b913b5be35537f92 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left av-no-color avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue87f' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>SILPHYDE Group : OTHER ACTIVITIES<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-25984\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/la-recherche\/les-groupes\/silphyde\/research\/simulation-of-nitride-based-electronic-devices\/\">Simulation of nitride-based electronic devices<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-25999\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/la-recherche\/les-groupes\/silphyde\/research\/modeling-of-thz-sources\/\">Modeling of THz sources based on Quantum Cascade Lasers<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-25999\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/la-recherche\/les-groupes\/silphyde\/research\/monte-carlo-simulation\/\">Monte Carlo simulation of 2D materials for electronic and spintronic applications<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":25981,"menu_order":15,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-26023","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26023","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26023"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26023\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iemn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}